Gong Zhongwu Vietnam and Mao Zedong - On the Vietnam War and the Taiwan Strait situation

 Gongzhong Wu: On the Vietnam War and the Vietnam War and Mao Zedong mm
of the Taiwan Strait situation: Gong Zhongwu Source: Hits: 527 Update Time :2007-6-16
one practical significance of the Vietnam War
of such a war, should we not make a profound reflection and learn from their positive and negative historical value? particular occasion of the independence of the party came to power in Taiwan, the Taiwan Strait situation at tight, dense cloud war, U.S. is likely to but also the occasion for another contest to commemorate the twenty-five years of the Vietnam War, but has a distinct significance. learning of the past, Mao Zedong was to policy, strategy, tactics, and fully reflects his superb political and military wisdom, courage and extraordinary art of war drive, although some have been overtaken by events, outdated, but some spirit, principles, and experience is still worth remembering and following, in order to deal with possible future outbreak of another in the Taiwan Strait, can see clearly. twenty-five years of the Vietnam War, the viewpoint of today, of course, than at the time, ten years ago, twenty years ago, see more clearly. However, to objectively view the history of the Vietnam War so sharp picture , there are a lot of eye barrier, the biggest barrier is the ideology of the eyes, which are not limited to the United States, China also has the same problem. the first case of the U.S..'s comments on the Vietnam War, the U.S., there are four popular view, can be respectively by four representatives of political figures and scholars. The first was the Vietnam War led the United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, the Vietnam War ended sixteen years, he painfully recalled, the Americans defeated, largely because the United States underestimated the the strength of Vietnamese nationalism, overestimated his own modern weapons against the third world war of national liberation forces. To this end, he feels guilty, and even left the TV on in public tears of repentance.
second one is President Johnson's Secretary of Defense Clifford (Clark Clifford), he recalled that the reason why the U.S. failed, not primarily because the United States did not fully entered the war, in fact, in addition to the atomic bomb not been used, but any highly sophisticated weapons are used, the total sent to Vietnam more than two hundred and fifty million people, of which over five hundred and forty thousand for the ground forces, died fifty-eight thousand people, injured more than a dozen people, a total of 7.6 million tons of ammunition consumption (equivalent to World War II three times), spent nearly three billion U.S. dollars, a decade-long fight, we can not say no do not say the United States betrayed allies. just because the support of the South Vietnam government corruption, endless infighting, people slack, soldiers not to fight , is a perennial losers.
third President Nixon's Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and President Ford, he said the main reason the U.S. failed fierce anti-war movement in the United States national will of the U.S. inability to concentrate, the mind does not unity, resulting in social chaos, the government paralyzed, unable to operate effectively.
last one is the master of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology linguistics Qiongmusiji (Noam Chomsky), Professor, he thought the Vietnam War the U.S. imperialists on the third world wars of aggression and expansion, is a war of injustice, was the Vietnamese people and against people around the world, so escape the fate of failure.
these four views can become one of the words, justify, have some convincing . but they have one thing in common, that is, the long-standing anti-communist, anti-China in particular, the anti-caught Mao's ideological bias, have tried to avoid talking about the Chinese in the Vietnam War played a key role, replaced by North Vietnamese unlimited exaggerated God save the nation, , essays, film, even more numerous, but mainly around the arguments of these four views. It is the American view, then, is how Chinese people view this with the Chinese fortunes are closely related to the war? said to rather disappointing, for this stake fortunes of war in China, relative to the U.S., the Chinese academic monograph negligible, while there are some special memories of and miscellaneous papers scattered. and even spoke of the Vietnam War , not to mention love strategic contest, do not count it as another official of China's foreign wars. it can not compare the status of the history of warfare the PLA leadership of Deng Xiaoping in 1979 lasted only three months of punishing the more war. So, now officially say Deng generally refers to the Vietnam War led war resolution of a number of historical issues the pressure of social imperialism, the implementation of the correct foreign policy, firmly support the just struggle of all peoples, and three of the world put forward by the right strategy and the importance of thinking will never seek hegemony. Mao Yang Deng, so that handling of the should be relatively calm and objective history from the perspective of Mao's later years how this How can a unique identity, with the official sing a different tune? Therefore, we can only rely on the existing Chinese data is extremely limited, and a lot of English materials to piece together an old age Mao leadership . This is the old age Mao left a precious legacy that we as a people by its benefits, how can we not inherit the treasure?
Fortunately, not too far away from us the Vietnam War, only twenty-five years, we may Recall that before the Vietnam War in which China's harsh external environment. It was during the Cold War, a bipolar world, the era of the two tyrants, tyranny, is extremely sharp and the years of international conflict, is caught in the crevice between the two tyrants, a living humiliation era is the era of hostility to China. As the founder of new China, as China's supreme leader and helmsman, for stability of the state, to the border around the peace, promote economic development in order to create a peaceful environment, Mao dreaming The top priority is how to break the containment of the Soviet Union to break through the siege of the two tyrants, not conducive to completely break the survival and development of new China, the old international order, the old pattern. Otherwise, even the national survival and security are not guaranteed, but also you talk about economic development!
However, how to break the Soviet encirclement of the two tyrants do? breakthroughs where? selected, how to break through? need superior political and military wisdom, extraordinary courage and determination. < br> Three selected Vietnam as the breakthrough point; hair to break point set in Vietnam.
Vietnam and Indo-sixties during the Cold War conflict the focus of the two camps, Mao chose this breakthrough is the situation dictates. but To open the gap in Vietnam, which means inevitably to war with the United States again. China is working with the Soviet Union at that time and the international communist movement fierce battle line, but also mutually exclusive. This means that the same may also turn against the Soviet Union, means that China may be two sides fighting, that was the military commander of the taboo.
and grasp it? many of Mao's old comrades, the old comrades in arms that this is the fate of the country for the party to take a gamble on the outcome unpredictable. So deeply disturbed by doubts. showdown with the two tyrants, war against each other, China has not so much physical strength. how to do, what next? hair face the most difficult problems, but can not convince the party's pragmatists, who believe that containment of the Soviet Union is not blocked We do, just take us behind closed doors, progressive and orderly development of economic, technological, full strength, to prepare for that one day showdown with the two tyrants. Mao that this is not practical, the two tyrants will not let you shut doors carry out his building, the tree wants to remain quiet while the wind blows ah! containment of the two tyrants, blockade, you do not have capital, technology, human resources, marketing, experience, how to engage in economic development? it can only be wishful thinking. But these Many of those old comrades, old comrades in arms, academia and literary circles of authority, social celebrities ah! are some honorable man ah!
of Mao, the retreat is full of crisis, his revolutionary career has never been is surrounded in a crisis, but did not like this so complicated, so that he worked hard, so damned close. into, although dangerous, but may play a way to survive; back, although temporarily protect themselves, ultimately can not avoid a war. Mao's life, made numerous political and military gamble, for him, and then make a risky decision-making is not difficult, it is difficult to prepare for the worst at giving an overall preparation in order to has been a hit win, chaos ah!
Specifically, while anti-American, anti-Soviet, involving a series of extremely complex domestic and foreign affairs issues, theory and practice of revolution, military strategic, tactical and strategic issues, the party solidarity and so on. This is a gross old man physically and mentally exhausted, it is indeed the biggest challenge of his life.
First of all, in theory, to break the pattern of the bipolar world. In fact, Mao in the early sixties , had been aware of the threat from the southern border of the United States, secretly resolved to give it a try with the United States. So Mao in the early sixties made three worlds theory. this, is anti-American Marxist-Leninist theory of God can be found under, you can get the party comrades and the socialist countries around the world and the consent and support. but anti-Soviet, anti-social imperialism, people want to ask you why go against a Lenin created a socialist state?
in the Marxist-Leninist theory, which can not but a breakthrough has been developed; That is, you more than the Soviet revolution, more red, more left, so as to theoretical thinking in the same the Soviet Union to draw the line in order to tit for tat struggle with it. So, Mao put forward the theory of permanent revolution, and revolution in the ideological field of culture, which is produced by theoretical reason Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. continued revolution, is a stone's throw three birds, both anti-American, but also against the Soviet Union, but also seal the mouth of the domestic political enemies, a unifying ideology, uniform pace, focus on the role of the will; In addition, in the world, to fight for the socialist countries and Third World support of the state, but also in Europe and America can win the majority of progressives and intellectual sympathy and support. But how China military operations north and south, but also to prepare for a possible outbreak of nuclear war? hair clever use of the contradiction between the Soviet Union In order to strategically Pa Pa system, with the Soviet Union to contain the U.S., China compete with the Soviet Union is true and false believers of Marxism-Leninism, not capitalist, so the Soviet Union against the United States can not therefore co China; Not only that, the Soviet Union in order that it is the orthodox Marxist-Leninist, is the leader of the international communist movement, had led the socialist countries against the U.S. assistance to Vietnam. hair also turn with the United States to contain the Soviet Union. strategist for the United States has split the communist dream team to the system of the Soviet Union to ease the pressure on the Soviet Union to the West, therefore, against the Soviet Union to destroy China's nuclear base.
for the Vietnam War itself, made it clear that the United States to protect democracy and freedom, must contain the Chinese Communist expansion in Southeast Asia, once lost Viet Nam, will cause a domino effect, spread to other Southeast Asian countries. For China, Vietnam, the southern gateway of China, relevant to national security, how can we put the U.S. sphere of influence; couch beside, How can we allow others to sleep? China in order to protect Northeast National Security, the Korean War, for the same consideration, at all costs, against the United States Vietnam War, until a total victory so far.
Given the lessons of the Korean blood, China's direct entry into the war, sacrifice too great, and will take with the United States direct war danger. So, Mao adopted a 1954 , behind the efforts of China in providing strategic, tactical, personnel and materiel. Of course, if the U.S. dares to cross seventh degree line, in-depth North Vietnam, it will change the ground troops dare not been overstepped, China's strategic deterrence, to ensure the safety of North Vietnam.
to North Vietnam's poverty and backwardness, coupled with twenty years of war against France the national salvation through the economy in disrepair, you can imagine, there is no China in political, military, economy, transportation, logistics, personnel and other aspects of the full support of North Vietnam's The five hundred and forty thousand tigers like the wolf, such as the modernization of the armed forces of the ground and air bombing attack in the wild.
must be emphasized that the hair on the thinking, of course, including his erratic maneuvers, unpredictable guerrilla tactics. This was his revolution after decades of fire, tempered the trick, and he used it to defeat Chiang Kai-shek, now he has passed on to the Vietnamese, for use against U.S. hegemony . the Vietnam War, he has been the development of people's war, from China to the world-wide use, not only in China, Vietnam, the formation of people's war of the ocean, still the world people's war in the formation of the magnificent ocean, that bore anti-war that swept Europe and the United States. Mao's people's war, and there is nothing in theory, this move almost incomprehensible, it nevertheless appears bland, by his use of it, but the power of infinity, invincible, made the United States without the use of force of modern weapons force. Maoren Min tasted the bitterness of war, President Nixon's powerful, and finally had to admit defeat, ordered the withdrawal from Vietnam, from the morass of Vietnam and Indochina with feet of clay in the pull.
Fourth, China's great victories
, however, come easy to go out hard. the United States not only to the millions of troops (logistics units plus the armed forces) to withdraw safely, but also dignified withdrawal, it is not easy. Nixon thought China, and China may be able to help him this favor. Politics is a very reality, if Nixon did not know is not the Soviet Union and other socialist countries in their support behind the North Vietnamese, anti-American, how can the wily Nixon condescended to drive, traveled all the way to go rather than Hanoi or Moscow, Beijing ---- ---- whereabouts hair ask for advice, help?, of course, Mao helped pull the United States in Vietnam, with feet of clay, is not without cost, but also the price is very high. First, the recognition of the status of political power in China; secondly, the lifting of China blockade of containment; Third, withdrawal of US-Taiwan defense treaty, the withdrawal of U.S. troops in Taiwan; Fourth, support for China's resumption of the UN membership; Fifth, a common anti-Soviet Soviet Union.
Nepal these are gross, weekly basis talks and the After the world is no longer a binary world, but one-third of the world, international politics from the poles into three poles, which China turned the corner, prolapse of the plight of the two tyrants, containment, Mao won the gamble, blaze a trail for China .
Mao, Zhou not only to Indonesia, Taiwan and Vietnam base about more about the pattern of East Asia and the world, if not China can not be ignored in the Vietnam War played a key role, China has qualified to talk about this Big problem? Americans worship power, and if you do not have oral convinced it played, and Nixon together with you to discuss how to organize such a big international structure problem? and, after following the Nixon visit to China, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other major powers as well as heads of state and government leaders Ersan Liu dozens of countries and third world countries, political leaders scramble to Beijing, elder statesman of world-class worship ---- Mao Zedong. hair resulting from China's great leap forward as a the world's great man. from Mao not only belongs to China, but also of the world, he really should be in the to have never had a great diplomatic victory ah! past the old China has always been but no mention of China's international status was obtained by this unprecedented breakthrough and leap.
five power future generations of Mao in his later years the crime
clear from the later years of Mao played superb political wisdom, political courage and extraordinary outstanding military art, the use of the Vietnam War as a breakthrough, breaking the US-Soviet containment, for the Chinese people played a vast living space for future generations to leave future generations a rich heritage, and directly to Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up, paved the way road, providing a political premise. But history is full of contradictions, other.
ask: no permanent revolution theory, theory of weapons you what means to anti-American, anti-Soviet? not thinking of national mobilization, how do you focus on the two tyrants, against the will? you do not let naysayers stand aside comrades, how do you unification decree, military orders against the two superpowers with the Soviet Union? Kissinger not to say that the reason why the U.S. defeat in Vietnam, eating mainly due to an inability to concentrate at the United States will, unity of thinking you?
politics is a cruel, especially In China, with a long authoritarian tradition. So a lot of damage during the Cultural Revolution, the old comrades good comrades, even the Founding Fathers, illustrious military exploits of the generals and the treasure of the academic authority and literary and arts celebrities. Indeed, this is very unfortunate is that no one wants to see, do the scars of the new China; we certainly should condemn such atrocities, but because these individuals can not deny the tragedy of Mao in his later years by the anti-imperialist cause in favor of future generations and enduring contribution to world peace? No, absolutely not. The greatness of a nation, a party is full of energy, to a large extent depend on whether it can afford to face and respect for the objective historical facts. Xiaoping when he said, Madam President, we will grope in the dark much longer . Just think, in addition to this the Chinese Dragon Mao, at the time of the leaders, who had his superb political wisdom as to enrich the experience of political and military struggle and extraordinary courage to lead the Chinese people while the North refused to polar bears, hit the south United Eagle? may be only one Premier Zhou Enlai, Mao's extraordinary, but his lack of courage, courage and iron will. With the end of the Vietnam War, Mao basically completed the task of modern Chinese history of imperialism, and later Hong Kong and Macao successively return It is a matter of course, is the proper meaning, is the fruition, Deng, Jiang generations later years the core of the anti-imperialist but a ready-made wool harvesting fruit. I have only one Taiwan issue to be resolved, this is a tough one, very Good eating ah! history will depend on how the river to complete the core delivery of the third generation of his anti-imperialist task.
VI Conclusion: The Vietnam War and the Vietnam War across the Taiwan Strait situation
direct impact on Taiwan, that is, Mao Shanghai Communique the only remaining super power the United States and Japanese economies are inextricably linked. So, how do tooth from the mouth of tigers to recover Taiwan, the reunification of China?
Needless to say, now pro-independence party has been in power in Taiwan, regardless of Chen Shui-bian to cover packing his position on Taiwan independence, Taiwan independence, took office, the fact that over the past decade to prove that the mainland's Taiwan policy and practice, there are many debatable place, now is a thorough review, to change course.
Of course, all aspects of ---- from the political, military, economic, diplomatic, cultural, etc. ---- united front for the full, deep and thorough analysis of the review must not be afraid of asking to pass the buck. but this is not paper theme, Theme related with this is that Mao led Easy, world situation and China's position has undergone a fundamental change in Indo-China Peninsula and the Taiwan Strait and the different geographical environment, but the authors still think that at least the following points are worth learning to follow: first, the plan set and then move: long hair there is a will to fight with the United States military and ideological preparation, three-line construction is military preparations, political code word.
Second, the United States, the so-called major national interests, is relative, not absolute, it can be changed. For example, the initial involvement in the Vietnam War when the United States, the Vietnamese say how how important, how to how to defense in the end, but in it does not survive in Vietnam, when Vietnam is not that important to the United States, so you can disregard. For example early 1969's national security adviser Henry Kissinger to accept the post of felt and when Development, said: involves the vital interests of the United States? The answer is to see whether China will quit the United States, if the United States will be forced to walk away. hair with strength, force the U.S. to recognize its magic stretched too long, and must be from Vietnam Taiwan drew back. Now China wants peaceful reunification of China, is to the same hair as the strength of the force the United States and Japan from Taiwan doing nothing.
third, that political exchange economy: wool headed, in the domestic and foreign affairs, Never a political exchange of economic, not political and economic simultaneously, is to economic exchange and political, of course, the result is to some extent, temporarily at the expense of economic development, but in the long term, but long-term maintenance of the founding principles and interests. Today Taiwan The office, part of the reason is that the last two decades, with the exchange of U.S. and Japanese political economy, the result is to see the face on the United States and Japan had their boss will be to the US-Japan trade and economic threat. One of the most prominent example is the pro-independence Taiwan and overseas, and even the Taiwan independence elements of Chinese businessmen, the mainland also welcomes investment and even to give preferential treatment, euphemistically called for to let matters drift. It is obviously unreasonable to consider such phenomena, obviously not conducive to the practice of China's reunification and make a substantial adjustment of the time. The last point is to draw on the spirit of Mao Renmin war. In today's high-tech war fighting talk about hair people's war, it seems out of date; if purely from the theory point of view that weapons, is indeed out of date, but its spirit and principle is Macross. the essence of Mao's people's war, say in the end is for the people. If the war is just, for the benefit of the peoples, we will certainly get people's support. Mao Chiang Kai-shek was able to defeat a powerful enemy, the U.S. super come to grief in Vietnam, is the idealism of his ideas, called, won the Chinese, Vietnamese most of the world's heart, so be rallied together to respond, at that lofty goal for his dedication, sacrifice and even die for it. Civil War, Vietnam, Indochina War, in proving this point. This is Mao's People the secret of the war.
on the Taiwan issue, China has been years in the call for Taiwan compatriots did not win the heart? This is not a description of the work of these years, a serious mistake for Taiwan?
something radical men, and when forced to carry the Taiwan Strait situation at tight, dense clouds war. China is facing the current regime in Taiwan two options: First, it has sufficient time to stand firm (which is what they plan to present); Second, do not give it time, let the downturn, can not stand firm. which alternative is beneficial to the unification of China is self-evident. grim situation before us, can not be any further delay, and the longer, more difficult to solve, the greater the cost. ancient Chinese saying goes, the dream of many a long night, ah!
fervent hope that the Chinese authorities and the Taiwan-related officials, to cherished sense of crisis and urgency, the Taiwan issue as the next few years to handle the country's top priority, do not have any illusions on the pro-independence party. they say the goodwill, sincerity , are stalling tactics are deceptive illusion, must not be gullible. should change with new ideas, new strategies, new policy measures introduced at new talent and go all out to solve the Taiwan issue.
hair and distinguished old age completion of the