Autumn , and then colder !

 Cold, the wind blowing in the window , reminding me that obviously fall out !
hectic period of time. In the confused sort out things in a clear clue , but , is still complicated, and still is a mess! I have to regulate their feelings, control their emotions , not violent, not violent, not hot-tempered ! ....... but I still seem to temper the loss of the ability of peace , is clearly small, distinct treatment can calm , clearly can not care so much about , obviously you can . Can be emotional so again fell into a slump, did not collapse , but close to collapse !
more and more of the feel fragile , it is possible that he never had as strong as their own imagination , all just a hypothetical fills a fantasy of self- comfort, from start to finish .
blog , open, half did not come out . Purple background , a lot of strange message! Faye Wong 's heart is still rolling play! Slowly, it seems quiet a lot , not anxiety. Do not come off too long , once familiar with the Friends of Bo, is still a high degree of attention that my blog is not updated long text . In fact, I was to sleep at night just to write some memories of the text only! Over time , there was also seemingly novel , with a lot of friends to recover Fair ! Some praise , some comments , the most recent message is that too many people ask me gone , how gone. Text to stay in Chapter XII , without the update, also , did not continue the clues !
did not reply , but turned off the blog.
I think I should be able to continue these words , just as the fight some of the memory organization . But , some memory recall is easy and fun , and some , it is not willingly touch it! Since the dust , and do not willingly open!
colder again , I like the feeling of late fall !
colder again , I would be more sober .

Network to be a tasty lover

 Network to make a tasty Valentine 

lover is a concept?
lover, is a way to meet lonely people who need each other and rely on people.
lover, at least you can not honorable to go my whole life.
lover, sometimes a kind of bet, sometimes kind of deal, sometimes kind of mood. Whatever the causes of the
you to do one's lover, I want to say, you must do tasty!
First of all, you can not play fast and loose, though a lover, but also the first law-abiding have been, like love, like the official.
the difference between it and the love is love nothing more than the fuzziness, and lover with clarity.
good lover to do is to do before you have psychological orientation. And love can not. Love is a Garden of Eden.
single-minded, law-abiding, is essential. Do not dismemberment, and destruction of a heart. This is a pass.



a great lover, to do good.
should not ask do not ask. Not to say is not said. Requirements should not require.
each other, reduce stress, relieve fatigue, getting better.
Otherwise, that is failure. Do Valentine's failure. Valentine
do is promise the most taboo. If someone promised someone asks you to promise.

maintained that your relationship is not how long. Or not each other's lover. do not cross a psychological boundary
Otherwise, you'll addictive.
time, you are a third party, and not a lover.



I think that Valentine was a neutral word. When the psychological orientation is not clear, that Valentine is the derogatory term. Third party.
clear psychological orientation, the lover is commendatory. Friends.
can not be used to express good or bad feelings with a lover, or, with the lover, not necessarily a person of personality problems. Valentine's is not an inevitable product of the times perfectly.
I predict that it will prevail in the 22 century. Only a hundred years will be recognized and even respected pet. Maybe it will become a profession.
both, lover, how to develop these two words, look at the world in what
saying: do lovers do Tipper.

Basic human etiquette

 The basic etiquette, take a look at it, ensure you learn a lot of things
1, someone to pour, do not dry looking, use the hand help to show courtesy.

2, someone to speak to you, you should at least be able to take words, can not people say that the last sentence, you're not the next sentence, or blindly saying ah ah ah, yes yes yes.

3, when someone staring at you Do not look directly at each other, pretending not to notice.

4, bad mood, even the best skin care products and cosmetics are not remedied by the skin.
5, sleep well, people will speak incoherent, unresponsive, prominent black eye.
6, another release of
7, to be led lecture, do not bow their heads to look directly at the leadership, with a smile, accepted the criticism, will gradually eliminate the leadership of the fire ; back, otherwise, the leadership will be fuel.
8. woman palms facing up to life a man can not ask for money. .

9. After dinner withdrew, said:

11. Do not tilt the chair to sit.

12. You eat Duanwan, do not pick the plate.

13. Finally, remember to close the door of a door.

14. anyone to go to say:

16. handed delivery tool for others to remember that one end of the handle.

17. do not throw stones.

18. listen when people talk, their eyes do not waver. This appeared to be very rude.

19. someone else to pour tea, the spout should not at another person.

20. Stand up, take a ride phase.

21. experience that can open the door inside out, pull, not push.

22. said to have to do it. Can not do, do not promise.

23. not because they are cheap not greedy for money, amount of money spent, but also time.

24. the house was when the light hand to close out.

25. The world does not believe in tears ....。

26. Instead of spending an empty mind to keep a man, let a man take an empty mind to retain their own.

27. the people are poor go rather short.

28. hold rice or served tea to others, if in the interval of the people, not through the delivery from the front of others, but from others around the back of delivery.

29. they have a skill is really capable.

30. Society of gently learn to listen.

31. to another home, do not sit on someone's bed.

32. clink with others in the wine on the table, their hand must be lower than the other, especially the other is an ascendant or leadership.

33. sunny umbrella, full with dry food --- rainy day is always good.

34. If you ask people if people do not answer you, do not die with the nerve to keep asking.

35. eat, try not to sound.

36. pick something to wear shoes or time to squat, bend over you gotta do.

37. others to criticize you, even if he is wrong, do not split first identified, so we all calm down and re-interpretation.

38. to do things to stop, whether it is binge eating favorite food or losing his temper.

39. to a friend's house after dinner, take the initiative to help clean up the table ----- wash owner has been very hard to cook, can not also allow the owner to clean up afterwards.

40. life will meet a wide range of people, you can not in tune with each person, but one thing is universally applicable: How do you treat others, how others will treat you.

41. hospitality have large, have small household.

42. back to the fist is more powerful to fight back.

43. who live in the world, we must first learn a

44. at any time to anyone Do not tell each other your secrets.

45. save money does not depend on, and will spend will be earned.

46. life-long learning, not just learn book knowledge, but also to learn how to dealing with people, society more complex than you think.

47. Do not talk with my colleagues in the non-supervisors or other colleagues, your mood is likely to be someone else's words against your evidence.

48. to do things, do a good job is your part, is that you do not dereliction of duty.

49. only the wrong buy, nothing wrong with selling. Do not just a petty advantages.

50. Sometimes the loneliness is normal, do not be afraid, it has to adjust.

51. a true friend, but I wonder if you have good fortune encountered. With or without experience, do not deny it. Do not calculated to others, especially not calculating your favorite people. Of your favorite people, do not use means to be.

52. the most courageous thing is to recognize the truth of life after the still love life. Do not be afraid to deceive, but to know there is deception in the world.

53. to borrow money when the heart must be a bottom, is to think of the money from him. So take forever to get the money he can afford to lose range. Less than the number of affordable, even if not come back, but also as early as prepared mind. They can not afford to lose the number, it can not borrow.

54. the best friends, unless he could eat poor food, and it would be best not to have economic relations. Many valuable friendships are ruined on the money.

55. gentleman can be meaning in things, but not pay attention to things.

56. away from home you may be able to tolerate the broader picture.

57. wipe the table, when to go its own direction wipe.

58. to call the phone the first thing it must be fed, Hello; hung up when other people hang up.

59. a hundred times not to be unfaithful.

60. do not spit throwing things, and if there is no trash to carry home to throw trash.

61. more books to our mind, you will see a wider world.

62. but for you to adapt to society, not society to adapt to you.

63. Do not let others know their true thoughts, to laugh in front of people laugh, cry tears of a man hiding.

64. Do not walk hand in his pockets.

65. to do simple things complicated and complicated things simple to do.

66. opportunity to leave only those who are prepared, the sky will not fall out.

67. No matter under what conditions, carefully brush your teeth, especially at night.

68. morning, eat some breakfast, no breakfast, a cup of water is also necessary to.

69. the less people right and wrong, his own management firm.

70. You're invaluable.

71. girls, and boys go out to their own pay.

72. To be responsible for their actions, not blaming Heaven by the people, think before doing should not be out of trouble to learn themselves.

73. in order to dignitaries in front of people, we must first suffer after people.

Papers Papers

 I might have heart disease recently found Oh! Genetic Oh! I sometimes found that often out of breath ! May also be due to depressed Oh! Oh can not stand myself! Papers may be submitted tomorrow
ah ! A pain so nervous ! Afraid of that! 'll Be terrible ! ~ how can it not stand himself ! Should not worry about this worry about a lot of things ! Afraid of a lot of things ~ good hard Oh! Feeling out of breath all day today, a little scary ~ ~
to the laboratory to the ~ but do not know what to do ! Papers not easily changed , and if you want to change it, we have to change things too well! Can not stand !
very grateful to get my QQ number of friends Oh ! Hey wrote after I had my way I feel , oh ~ every day because there is no one knows me Oh!

History of a network ,the total time in rhyme

 Is extremely important. In our time thinking about the future of the Internet, from which the history of the evolution of other networks, we can learn many things. telegraph, telephone, railways, radio and highway history of repeated shows some patterns.
from pessimism to optimism, to swing the pendulum to swing. The human brain is used to linearly derived from the past to the future, however, the popularity of the network is often out of an S-curve. linear thinking formed a systematic prediction deviation. In the early stages of network evolution, pessimistic predictions often have the upper hand, because of the potential of the network are not fully recognized. However, as the network began to grow, but put to the overly optimistic forecasts.
1844, the Samuel Seoul. Morse could not convince the U.S. Congress-funded long-distance telegraph line, because lawmakers do not see the potential commercial value of the telegraph. until the first trans-Atlantic cable in 1858 when they were built, but the pendulum swing to the other end. industry Experts claim that cable will conquer the whole world, bring peace and prosperity. same thing repeated in a telephone history: In 1877, Western Union has refused to buy Bell's patent, ignored the future as the telephone; Since then, it dawned on me, trying to establish a competitive companies, because of the challenges encountered were forced to leave the court phone industry.
the case of the Internet and wireless communications is the same In 1996, the Internet is still in early development, Morgan Stanley said in a report, the Global Internet users will reach 1.5 billion by 2000. In fact the number of users reached 400 million. in the wireless communications industry, the expert is expected in 1990, the United States the number of users will reach 25 million in 2000, but the actual number is 109 million. After that, the pendulum seems to swing in the other direction faithfully go. eMarketer estimated that in 1998 the Internet advertising market will reach 8.0 billion, to December 2000, it again this figure to 150 billion dollars. However, the Internet bubble The tragic burst proved too overdone these projections optimistic.
evolution over revolution. in the new technology appears, a mature industry, the flexibility of the network of amazing. newspapers, radio and television have another showdown, the final has reached a peaceful coexistence, but by changing their capture new niche markets. civil aviation, railway and motor transport are at peace, each to meet the specific needs of different customers. mature network can not only adapt to reality, and they may change faster than expected. At the same time, the new network technology will be more coming later than expected. These factors add up to a new network technologies to reduce the market potential.
examples from the telecommunications industry can clearly see In 1986 out of it, ISDN service is as a revolutionary technology, it is higher than 14.4Kbps modem 10 times faster. until this service has millions of users when a 56.6Kbps modem technology has achieved the speed. A few years later, DSL technology will speed home access has raised an order of magnitude. Similarly, advocates of high-definition TV digital cable and digital underestimated the progress in satellite networks, but also to promote the broadcasting companies overestimated their The pace of high-definition programming.
and so on, the future prospects of 3G wireless network seems unpredictable .3 G is committed to 2Mbps rate standard to provide multimedia services. a few years down the development, its potential market is available turned in to the 2G network eroded. An example is the 802.11 wireless LAN, it is between 1 ~ 2Mbps can achieve short-range wireless communication.
simple innovation makes great value. the human brain likes to remember the important milestones , the glory given to the minority. We all know that Gutenberg invented the printing press, Edison invented the light bulb. But in focusing on the great technological breakthrough, we often forget that it was the invention of the release of the small breakthrough in the practical value of these . And we sell those to be wantonly into the killer application of the excessive attention that is often overlooked, the real killer application, in fact, its origins are very humble.
, for example, on the Internet, although e-commerce interactive applications and reap the eye, the Internet's killer application, and 20 years ago remain the same mm communication between the individual and the individual. Although the World Wide Web e-mail traffic is 20 times, but it is the e-mail has brought to consumers and businesses the highest value. in the field of wireless data, messaging services, who do not have the killer application of great importance, it is like to talk about than the service provider of mobile commerce as well as news and entertainment applications are more effective. there is a world of lessons learned is the value hidden in non-human known to the Department, the killer application in unexpected places has never been there.
looked impatiently at our future, we often forget the past, provided invaluable lessons. as radio commentator Paul. Harvey said : It always rhyme.

2009 development trend of China's system integration industry, strategic decisions and corporate investment consulting research ...

 Chapter directory international system integration industry overview section I of the global systems integration industry
environment for the development of global systems integration market
Section Analysis
(a) of the global systems integration market
(a) of the Policy Environment
(1) Eleventh Five-Year Information Industry Planning
(2) the five areas of information technology planning
(b) of the computer application development environment
second service industries section of the development of systems integration industry Analysis
(a) to maintain a high growth industry
(b) of the technical content of the rapid increase
Section III Market Structure of China's system integration
(c) vertical market structure
IV characteristics of our systems integration market analysis
Chapter system integration of the major industry market analysis
Section I of the general situation of industry information
(a) information technology industry in China promoting factors
(b) of the government, telecommunications, financial information in advance, energy, transportation, logistics and financial sector has grown rapidly
II
(a) of the total investment scale of the financial industry IT
(b) Banking is the financial industry into a pillar of information
(1) information into a city commercial bank a new growth point of IT investment
(c) development of financial industry systems integration market opportunity analysis
Section telecom industry
(a) of the telecommunications industry, market size information
(c) of the telecommunications industry, system integrators, competitive analysis
(2) telecom systems integration market competition point of
(d) of the telecommunications industry to market IT Section IV of the education sector the opportunity

(a) of the education sector information market
(b) of the Investment Structure of educational information
(c) 2008 Development features
Education Information (1) the effectiveness of information highlighting
(2) information technology system to gradually change the
V Manufacturing
(a) Manufacturing Information Status
(1) IT system construction
(2) system security and IT support for business development priorities
(b) information technology market
(c) of the Investment Structure
(1) regional structure
(2) firm size and segmentation industry structure
(3) hardware and software investment structure
(e) Development of Manufacturing Information
(1) Government Action on the impact of manufacturing information
(2) MES warming up < br> VI of the energy industry
(a) the impetus to the development of energy industry information
(b) investment in the energy information
(c) the scale of investment in the energy sub-sector situation
(1) Power IT investment in information technology industry status and trends
(2) the coal industry information and trends of IT investment status
(d) Energy Information Chapter Investment Structure
enterprise application integration market analysis section
an enterprise information technology applications in China Analysis
(a) the input of enterprise information system analysis
(b) of the enterprise management of information analysis
(c) of the enterprise information system construction of
(c) SME Information
The Problems of application of Chapter V of the government systems integration
Government Information Development in Section II
Investment Status of government information and trend analysis < br> (1) the overall size and trends
(2) 07-09 years of government investment in information technology IT driven by
Chapter VI competition in the market of systems integration industry, analysis of system integration
Section
market concentration of the size and structure prediction of Section III vendor competitive analysis

(a) directly Competition is not obvious
(b) the acquisition and integration of service vendors case
(c) of the new system integrators have a stronger competitive advantage of competitive trends
IV
(a), the low end of market competition
(b) of the systems integration market is maturing, integrated business segments
positioning tends to Chapter VII of key enterprise systems integration industry, Digital China
Section
(a) About
(b) Operation Status 2006-2008
Section AsiaInfo Holdings
(a) of the Company
(b) company profile
2006-2008 in section III Soft Software
(a) Company profile
(b) company profile
2006-2008 Neusoft IV shares
(a) Company profile
(b) 2006-2008 Operation Status
(1) company performance
(2) Business Development Overview
V wave of software
(a) Company profile
(b) Operation Status 2006-2008
VI Teamsun
(a) of the Company
(b) of the operating situation of 2006-2008
(1) company performance
(2) business development
( III) Problems
(1) technical aspects of the
(2) financing and investment aspects of issues
(d) of section VII of East Prospect co-founder

(a) of the Company
(b) of the business benefits
(1) technical qualifications advantage
(2) customer resources
(c) 2006-2008 company profile
(1) sub-industry or product operation of
(2) sub-region operation of
(3) prospects
(d) the development strategies of
(1) corporate strategic goals
(2 ) product development strategy
(3) Room VIII Hang Seng e-business strategy

(a) of the Company
(b) of the 2006-2008 company profile
(c) company Chapter VIII
future prospects for the development and systems integration industry trend of IT service trends
Analysis Section
(a) of the user IT services continues to increase awareness and acceptance
(b) the emergence of more innovative business models
(c) the emergence of software services will affect the operational IT services market structure
(d) the rapid development of offshore outsourcing to systems integration
Section 2009 Industry Outlook
(a) of the Telecommunications Industry
(b) of the financial sector
(c) of the education market
(d) other
Chapter IX of the investment and financing systems integration industry, the first
Financing Programme systems integration industry
(a) Financing Status
(b) financing investment opportunities and investment
II Strategy
(a) of the Investment Opportunities, Analysis
(1) to explore gaps in the market to look for opportunities
(2) shift the focus of systems integration, development increased the proportion of
(3) bigger, stronger corporate attention
(2) advantages of listed companies within the industry concerned
(3) concern about the software outsourcing industry has the size advantage of the specialized investment risks listed in section III of

(a) the industry risks
(b) technical risk
(c) risk management
(d) Strategic decision-making policy risks
articles
Chapter systems integration business development of Chinese strategic positioning < br> Section Analysis of China's system integration business environment
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise environment
(b) of the Chinese system integration within the enterprise environment analysis
(c) Analysis of China's economic situation
(d) Development of China's systems integration industry, system integration business in China
II strategic mission and objectives
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise vision
(b) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise mission
( c) The development strategy of China's systems integration business integration content
III Sustainable Development of China strategy
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise development
(b) the integration of Chinese enterprises need sustainable development < br> (c) system integration business in China a strategic approach to sustainable development of China's system integration
Chapter XI Human Resource Development Strategy
Section on Human Resources Development Strategy
(a) of the strategic management of human resources Definition
(b) the characteristics of strategic management of human resources
(c) the positioning of the strategic management of human resources
(d) the methods of strategic management of human resources in China
Section Human Resource System Integration Management Survey and Analysis of
(a) of the Chinese system integration features of Enterprise Human Resources Strategy
(b) of the Chinese system integrators and enterprises to adjust staffing Analysis
(c) of the Chinese system of integrated human resource management institution building and organizational development status of
(d) China Enterprise Training and Development System Integration Analysis
(e) China System Integration Enterprise Analysis Performance Evaluation and Incentive
(f) communication systems integration business in China System Operation
(g) labor relations in China's System Integration Enterprise System Operation
(h) the Chinese system of accounting and control systems integration business operation analysis
(IX) China Human Resources Information System Integration System Operation China's system integration
Section Human Resource Development Strategy selection and implementation
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated strategic Human Resource Management
(b) of the Chinese system of job analysis and design of integrated business strategy
(c) China Human resource planning systems integration strategy
(d) of the Chinese system integration business strategy for recruitment and selection
(e) Performance Evaluation of China's systems integration business strategy
(VI) systems integration companies in China pay management strategy
(g) system integration employees in China Incentive
(viii) training and systems integration business in China development strategy
(IX) China Career Planning System Integration Enterprise Strategy
(X) China Human resource accounting system integration strategy
(k) Labor Relations in China System Integration Management Strategy
IV systems integration companies in China to control human resources strategy and feedback
Chapter XII systems integration business in China Section I Development Strategy
information on enterprise information development strategy
(a) an overview of enterprise information
(b) the extension of enterprise information
(c) the purpose of enterprise information
(b) of the China Electronic Information Technology System Integration Enterprise Application Analysis
(c) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise application automation Analysis
(d) system integration business in China data Application of automation and information analysis
(v) assist management in the Chinese system of integrated enterprise decision support system and the application of Section III Analysis
enterprise information system integration in China development strategy selection and implementation
( a) The enterprise information system integration in China strategy will focus on development - the creative application of information technology
(b) of the Chinese system of strategic enterprise information integration principle
(c) of the Chinese system of strategic enterprise information integration organizations Strategy
(d) enterprise information system integration in China's strategic decision-making strategies
(e) Chinese e-commerce systems integration business development strategy in China
Section enterprise information systems integration and feedback control strategy < br> Chapter XIII development of China's system integration strategy
corporate culture corporate culture on the development strategy of Section
(a) the content and characteristics of corporate culture
(b) of the enterprise culture in the significance of strategic management
(c) of the modern enterprise culture development strategy of China's system integration content
II and Management of Corporate Culture Survey and Analysis of
(a) of the systems integration business in China are the basic issues of corporate culture understanding
(b) integration of China's realization of enterprise culture
(c) of the Chinese system integration stage of enterprise culture
(d) system integration business in China paid more attention to the corporate culture < br> (v) the most satisfactory system integration enterprise in China's corporate culture content
(VI) systems integration enterprise culture in China the main problems of China III
culture systems integration and implementation of development strategies
(a) the development of China's system integration strategy elements of corporate culture
(b) the strategic choice of China's systems integration business and industry culture cultivation
(c) the integration of China and the two Strategic M & A cultural integration
(d ) Strategic adjustment of China's systems integration and corporate culture change
(e) the implementation of China's systems integration business strategy and excellent culture system integration to create
IV culture of China strategy to control and feedback
XIV Chapter Chinese financial management system integration strategy
fourth on the enterprise financial management strategies
(a) of the definition of enterprise financial management strategies
(b) the characteristics of corporate financial management strategies
(c) Enterprise the significance of financial management strategies
(d) the basic content of corporate financial strategy
IV financial management system integration in China Survey and Analysis of
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated corporate debt structure
(b) the debt situation of China's systems integration business of
(c) of the Chinese system of integrated enterprise interest coverage ratio
(d) of the Chinese system of integrated corporate profits
IV financial management system integration in China Strategy selection and implementation
(a) financial management system integration in China to develop principles and strategic thinking
(b) of the Chinese system of integrated financial management strategy, positioning
(c) of the Chinese enterprises at different stages of system integration Financial Management Strategy
(d) of the Chinese system of integrated financial management strategy formulation and implementation of systems integration business in China
fourth quarter financial management strategies to control and feedback
Chapter XV of the capacity of China's systems integration business Section on enterprise development strategy
capacity development strategies
(a) of the definition of enterprise capacity development strategies
(b) the ability of business development ideas
(c) the factors to affect the value ability to measure the idea of enterprise development, system integration business in China
Section Capacity Development Survey and Analysis of
(a) growth rate of China's system integration business sales of
(b) the sustainable growth of China's systems integration business Rate
(c) growth rate of China's systems integration business assets of
(d) growth rate of China's systems integration business capital of China's system integration business
III capacity development strategies and implementation
( a) The ability of China's system integration business development strategy will focus on
(b) the ability of China's systems integration business development strategy of the challenge
(c) to determine possible future threats and new opportunities
(d) formulate response to many kinds of possible future strategic
(e) the establishment of strategic capabilities required in the future
(VI) in accordance with the strategic development of future-oriented implementation of action systems integration business in China IV
capacity development strategy for the control and Feedback
Chapter XVI value of China's systems integration business strategy of innovation and development of value innovation
Development Section on
(a) of the definition of value innovation strategy
(b) of the value of the innovation and development strategies way
(c) the strategic logic of value innovation
(d) systematic analysis of the value of innovative systems integration companies in China
II Survey and Analysis of Value Innovation
(a) of the systems integration business in China Value Analysis
(b) the value of China's systems integration business problem the innovation process
III systems integration enterprise value of China's strategic choice and implementation of innovative
(a) strategic planning
(b ) organization the resources needed to achieve strategic
(c) leadership and control of resources required to implement strategies
(d) build sustainable capacity
(e) the value of China's systems integration business strategy for the implementation of innovative programs
Section IV the value of China's systems integration business innovation strategies of control and feedback systems integration
XVII Chinese enterprise security management strategy
Section on enterprise security management strategy
(a) of the definition of safety management strategies
Safety Management Section of the five strategic relationship
III safety management system integration in China Survey and Analysis of
(a) of the security management capabilities of staff
(b) safety equipment management Analysis
(c) management of Material Safety
(d) the safety management system analyze
(e) environmental management capacity of the Security Section of China
enterprise security management systems integration and strategic choice Implementation
(a) crew safety knowledge and skills to improve and enhance the ability of policy
(b) ability to optimize the equipment to improve safety performance and improvement strategy
(c) ability to improve the safety of materials and improvement strategy < br> (d) institutional capacity to improve the safety and improvement strategy
(v) ability to monitor environmental security strategy to improve and enhance the integration of China
V enterprise security management strategy to control and feedback section
China's systems integration business for thirty Assessment and Management Strategy Section
China Enterprise Strategy Assessment System Integration
(a) of the Chinese system of integrated evaluation of the enterprise market adaptability
(b) of the systems integration business in China Evaluation of marketing
(c) the use of Chinese enterprise technology systems integration capability evaluation
(d) China System Integration technology innovation capability of enterprises
(e) integration of Chinese Human Resource Evaluation
( f) organization and coordination of China's System Integration Enterprise Evaluation
(vii) financial goals of China System Integration Enterprise Evaluation
(h) ability of the Chinese culture evaluation system integration
Section II China Strategic Early Warning System Integration
(a) an overview of strategic early warning management
(b) the characteristics of strategic early warning management
(c) strategic warning to the operator of the significance of management
(d) China Strategic Early Warning System Integration Management critical success factors
systems integration companies in China III strategic crisis management
(a) of the definition of a strategic crisis management
(b) strategic crisis management system
(c) system integration business in China strategic risk management process design
(d) system integration business in China a strategic crisis management support system for the establishment
Chapter XIX Conclusion
Horizon Wise

On the hotel construction, preparation and operation of the proposed early opening

 In recent years, domestic investment in many areas of real estate agency have access to the hotel, the following suggestions might help the industry make fewer mistakes, which is after 10 years of hotel investment and management of the older generation paid a heavy price in exchange for the experience, especially with colleagues to share, I hope to learn and are sure to succeed.
a correct process
hotel investment and opening the second, the hotel management company hired
1, on the hotel management company hired to prepare
hotel management ideas the company's employ, is currently more popular, especially in real estate companies like to find international brands, at least in Hong Kong brand. But to ask them, you have to learn to give themselves a lot of thinks, What do you think is the right place, often in their view is precisely the great error, such as the logistical support area the size of the standard, maybe you think we can save the province, or is designed to save you a big bright spot. such as the staff elevator Configuring more than one and so on. And you have to accept them far more than you can imagine a lot of employees and management staff wages, benefits.
2, international brand hotel management company to employ the economic costs of general international brands
hotel management company charges: basic management fee of 1-3% of operating income, operating margin by 5-8% mentioned, there are reservations commission (such as 10 dollars per room range), the year the Group to promote other additional fees costs, external management team (management company accredited staff) salaries and benefits visit (usually to their families, including foreign general manager of international air travel to and from the former resident and local school children and other expenses), generally more than 1000 million per year. They not promise a fixed return. it is generally in the first-and second-tier domestic major cities (such as Shenzhen, Hangzhou, etc.), which can be sold for higher prices, the hotel is more suitable in these areas employ them, the general average price to be able to reach 800-1,000 yuan above, it is more suitable to employ international brands; or if the expected house prices in between 400-600 dollars, is not suitable.
Third, on the leased property to buy land for housing or business license application to open the hotel and the problem < br> On the hotel building you can buy their own land and can rent land and housing. If you only lease land, but also to build a house, I suggest to buy their own land, because it is an opening, the operation of the asset value and future problems of capital . but this is far greater than the indirect benefits from annual operating margin (the back devoted to). In other countries, investors invest in the hotel this is the real purpose.
, of course, whether the equity to buy land for housing, or just Leasehold their renovation and purchase of equipment, both can apply for a business license. The former real estate license with the land certificate and other required with the opening in front of the government departments mentioned in the document of approval, can apply for business license. who lease property or land, only to have the lease contract and the owners of the land certificate and the real estate license can be, but the hotel business license must apply for the first few relevant government departments of the approval document can only Trade and Industry Bureau to apply.
(Note: At present, most new hotels only rent property, renovation and purchase of equipment investment, because it requires less investment and quick return.)
Fourth, a key component of approval link opened fire
and all the key prerequisite for approval, is a hard thick stick, high-voltage lines. hygiene and disease control is relatively strict licensing for restaurants, the kitchen layout to be reviewed by them. Comment stars, director of Tourism Bureau early involvement of a plus factor.
(proposed Do not play touch ball, because you long to get into trouble after leaving the handle.)
V. Preliminary design of the management team to run in and control of the future will have great significance
hotel managers will participate in the beginning original design.
1, operating in different markets and hotel class and type, for site selection, architectural design is very different. future operations as well as the different markets and different types of star hotels, design and location of different . such as resort hotels and the city business hotel, five-star and four-star and the fast and others have very different business.
similar to the main dining room led to entertainment-driven hotel, business-oriented hotel rooms, resorts, etc. are very different in the following areas: including functional layout, construction and installation design, location, size and location of each ratio and other features.
2, the design of the hotel an important impact future earnings. a hotel business value in the future rooms, dining, entertainment, leisure, shopping malls and other income ratio, but also because of your location, the target source markets and hotels, the choice of targeting the design and type, very different.
such as hotels in the main room (room more than 80% of revenue), the meeting hotel to guest rooms, banquet halls, conference rooms and restaurant and entertainment such as supporting the main (income ratio generally: Rooms: Dining: Recreation income = 5:4:1), city prominent business hotel rooms, upscale restaurants and conference facilities, business service centers, luxury boutiques and high-end health and leisure business project based (income ratio generally: Rooms: Dining: Recreation: Shopping = 4:3:2:1), Of course, some hotel dining rooms lead, then the income ratio generally: Rooms: Dining: Recreation = 4:5:1 hh resort hotel room revenue generally the bulk of total revenue, 50% or more. this margin can reach the hotel about 35-45% or even higher.
In short, the layout of the different positioning and supporting the decision, thereby determining the flow of future operating performance and results. So we said that in fact it can operate successfully in a hotel, location and investment at the beginning When making the decision has been more than 70% of the success of the project.
my experience: Room 65-70% average operating margin is, food is a 18-20% average operating margin (Note: For catering operation by way of social hotel, generally the case.), sauna average operating margin of 80-85%, 45-65% operating margin entertainment. Therefore, the larger dining area, the hotel greater impact the overall operating margin (except, of course, except the hotel dining room lead), But the food can bring great revenues and cash flow, what kind of hotel management trade-off with investors also have a great relationship. not to do better the higher the profit-making projects, such as sauna and entertainment, profit margins high, but risk also greatly affected by the policy as a great.
(Note: The gross operating profit (GOP) refers to the removal of investment interest, depreciation and board costs, property taxes and other costs beyond the control of managers other than the profits.) < br> My experience is mainly in the hotel room revenue (more than 50% of total revenues) GOP rate should be between 35-45%, or even higher. Sanya international brand hotels such as the GOP rate of 50% or more. to Hotel food and beverage revenue-based (eg, more than 50% of total revenues), the hotel rate of the overall GOP generally between 25-33%.
3, professional hotel sector for the hotel's participation in the design and planning also determines This hotel in the future whether the most economic operation and easier to produce a profit.
example: Many of the hotels we will focus on equipment (especially the sauna, swimming pool, laundry room, staff canteen and bathrooms, etc.) set in the basement is open to question , at least waste a lot of power consumption, because every time the pump required to be raised to the ground, to discharge. The hotel is currently the most consumption of electricity in addition to air conditioning is that all of the pump. a hotel typically has dozens pump. If these facilities are underground, making the hotel as long as the business day, you have to run round the clock. or even if temporarily stored in the water well, also have to rely on pumping up, so power consumption is still not able to province.
course, sometimes due to ground impact area and the commercial value, but often we will calculate the value of the benefits of the ground, while ignoring the real cause of the future design of everyday operations because of waste. But these are not the future operator change.
there, such as functional design is unreasonable operating regions, bringing the human cost of future operations of the waste: design of a floor of 20 rooms, five-star hotels to clean the room each day the number of attendants is 13 up to 15, but we tend to design 20, resulting in clean human waste and increase the staff to run labor. coupled with the dotted over business casual, resulting in the cash register and the attendant waste of personnel to increase the labor intensity, etc. These are our hh The prevailing problem, few investors will be counted this account. they usually only pay attention to the construction period of the investment savings, in fact, do not know the operation of waste has always left a hint.
4, the regional area determines the quality of planning, positioning and future with the hotel development has a lot to the target market.
such as Starwood hotel rooms for the Westin brand's request can not be less than 55 square meters, but we might think that such room too, will be empty, too wasteful, unnecessary, so we might be located in the 40-45 square enough. because they think that a good lot of the hotel should be sold for 1,000 yuan a, not like the quality of the room , will not be competitive. And so we set the room may only sell 500 a of the.
we are often at their own habits and preferences to determine their own room and decided that the appropriate area of the room. So Finally, the results of operations are very different. including dining rooms set is the same area, the so-called luxury dining rooms now at least 60-80 square meters, the most luxurious to reach 100-120 meters, and we often feel Why so big, why not do a few, and the results are often unsatisfactory grades and specifications, which are determined by the business location.
5, equipment selection is also closely associated with the hotel features, including the strength of electricity, We propose to invest in future operations to fully consider the running costs, such as using energy-saving equipment and other help to the economic operation of equipment, the equipment investment costs may be greater than the traditional equipment, but in the course of business can be earned back, if after a calculation is a cost-effective, we should adopt.
6, In addition, there is a problem worthy of our attention: In my experience, the general designer coefficient larger capacity and many (usually enough to stay 30% -50% margin) , so the hotel management team is very important equipment design checks. such as power capacity, design, construction seismic coefficient, air-conditioning capacity calculations, and so these designers are often more freely large. The actual operation and the resulting vacancy matching fee to pay more. It is also designed often leads to waste.
7, the air conditioning system design, people often do not take into account the actual operation of the special nature of business areas, such as 4,5 and 9,10 each exchange on the season, dining area and entertainment area often-season air-conditioning (because the box when dining and entertainment the hotel lobby and guest rooms will be more than hot, you may then need to open the room.) but because a large unit design, to start the air conditioner will start for the entire hotel large unit. waste! designers tend to think that large units can be opened to energy-saving operation of small modules, but in fact is the they never designed to do the actual units and research equipment operation, so they do not know the actual energy consumption of different design to bring the difference. These are the requirements need to check the hotel management team and adhere to.
VI The hotel opened a new operating cycle and the law of
hotel are completed, generally three to five years for an operating cycle. especially the new hotels can not because the first year does not meet the target, to instant success, frequent substitutions. or else more harm than good.
fight as long as the administration and training base, the market reflects the quality and consistent positioning, marketing plans and progress step by step, we must stay the course, this is an international brand hotel is important to the success of the place. Three years later The hotel will get into profit peak and begin to mature. especially the location of the hotel have emerged during the more intense competition in the market, stick to their approach even more valuable.
course, the hotel market in the short period of three years in the early opening produce satisfactory returns on investment. to purchase housing for the investment payback period of investment the hotel, if mature areas in the hotel, the hotel investment payback period is often set at 13-15 years. shortage areas in the hotel, the investment recovery period is generally to 6-9 years.
and Rental properties, renovation investment recovery period is generally 3-6 years, the budget hotel decoration and equipment investment recovery period of 3-5 years (but leased assets of the hotel, there is no value-added income).
foreign investors for investment in hotels generally (ie, purchase of land and building) is expected to be three years before the business objective is to earn interest on investments is a desirable goal.
(Note: there is a view of the domestic industry: hotel operating results of the annual investment to ensure the minimum margin and cash flow to at least ensure that the payment of bank interest and payment of wages to meet the year, energy consumption and other daily operating expenses. or easy access to a vicious cycle.)
seven hotels of fixed assets The concept of payback period generally refers to fixed assets
hotel building, land, equipment and installation, furniture, decoration, general depreciation period of state provisions: such as buildings and equipment at 15-30 years, the renovation of 10 years. of course Many enterprises in order to avoid income tax, the depreciation in advance, the rapid depreciation.
future renovation generally withholding 大修理基金 year for regular maintenance and reconstruction, partial reconstruction will be generally 3-6 years. Every year gradually. < br> August, hotel operating costs and expenses analysis
1, is currently the largest hotel operating costs are labor costs, general running benign, 15-20% of the total income, including wages should be accounted for 13-16% of income compared ideal human cost to income ratio (including the benefits, employee meals, etc.) account for 20-22% (this proportion will grow later, the U.S. hotel industry, this ratio has now reached 50%); energy consumption (water, electricity, gas, etc.) is the second largest operating cost: 7-10% of total revenue within the general requirements of 7% is ideal.
there are tax, the main business tax, plus other miscellaneous general government taxes and fees, accounting 6-7% of hotel revenues.
2, publicity and promotion expenses related to the hotel newly opened hotel
promotion costs will be larger, the general budget is about 1% of revenue, foreign hotels reach 1-4 %, we generally control about 0.5%. It depends on the location of the hotel and need the amount of publicity.
if the delegate to the International Brand Group Manager, there is still a fixed year for their group to help you in your marketing promotion expenses.
I think the total marketing costs (including marketing, staff salaries, advertising, office and travel costs) accounted for 1-4% of revenue more reasonable, but not absolute, or depend on the hotel itself Office locations and markets.
3, what is the amortization
investment as the construction and installation of fixed assets investment, the depreciation of the required number of years, not as amortization. amortization refers only to some start-up costs (such as open purchase of consumables, cotton, clothing, and other materials required for the opening, pre-opening advertising and sales promotion, pre-opening labor costs, preparation costs and training fees), this part of the cost is generally amortized over several years into the future operation of the process in this part of the amortization should not be included in the hotel GOP, the GOP is not the year for assessing operating results of the hotel.
Kowloon, the hotel's asset valuation assessment of the value
hotel appraisal firm from the entire hotel assets (both tangible and intangible parts), new hotels are more visible part of the actual investment considerations, such as you invest 200 million to open a hotel, opened a few months later to assess the general point up to over 200 million; but after a few years of opening generally invisible part of the Club together, if you are a good operating performance, year after opening, the assessed value may reach 250 million (because the annual assessment also took into account your cash flow and operating profits), and three years after opening, is probably a 5-6 million. These are known as indirect benefits, in fact, real hotel investors to value this, but only if your hotel is basically the operating results of each of benign.
(Note: Last year, the newly released financial accounting system, assets are grouped at the hotel the hotel has immediate value as a general assessment of asset value basis, generally only consider the investment prior to the actual value, so now the new accounting system is more conducive to the operation of hotel investors of capital.)
Ten , the project cost control
project cost control is the door to build a deep knowledge, according to the eight hotels in preparation for gain and loss, especially the key stages and summarized as follows concerns:
the most critical stages: In general, owners of the design control is a crucial stage of project cost control;
plays a critical stage: the budget and construction plans carefully reviewed, and only very clear control of the budget and pre-construction program, to lay the basic cost control; < br> Finally, the control phase: is monitoring the construction process (including the progress and quality control), especially at the site but also control the construction plan, construction drawings of the modifications and the number of contact orders, which are often easily abused and lead the local construction units.
particular concern: in particular, like many of our owners and managers of temporary changes in the site design, this is actually for the construction team to provide the best, most powerful basis for a substantial increase in contact list, it is often the site management of Party who can not control the source of the cost, which often is the last project the source of much over budget.
hotel is the process of building all the property the most complex and difficult to control, and learn from the advanced management experience and technology can help us greatly reduce the construction cost and operating costs, return on investment to achieve best value.
In summary, his accustomed way of thinking and habits to improve management methods and simultaneously update the construction and operation of the introduction of the concept, is to enhance the core competitiveness of our hotel truly effective way.
(This is a good article, it comes from the

Dialysis status of vocational education in China

 First, the country's modernization is the modernization of vocational education modernization of the motivation is often considered a form of social change, is a special process of social change is the change the social objectives, institutional, organizational, guidelines, and the reform of human beliefs, attitudes and values. This transformation process involves many aspects of social and human life, multi-layered and profound changes. from the breadth in terms of modernization can be seen as economic the field of industrialization, urbanization, social sphere and political democratization in the field of interactive process; from the content in terms of modernization in the economic, political and cultural aspects, which in different social system, in different countries have different forms; from the depth of speaking, the process of modernization involves the physical layer, system layer and layer of the three levels of thought and action.
the modernization of our country is to, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the country into a prosperous, democratic and civilized socialist country. In essence, inclusion of both modern and straining the contents of the objects of modernization and modernization of people, the two complement each other. People are social activities, the subject matter is the man out, but also through the people to be use, so modern man is more important than the modern material. vocational education to be modernized, it is necessary for China's socialist modernization, the economic development train large numbers of qualified, high-quality technical expertise and labor force; Professional education to modernization, we must carry out their own reforms, reform of the education system, changing personnel training mode, improve the education system.
After nearly 20 years of efforts, China's vocational education has made great progress. However, view state vocational education still not meet the requirements of modernization, whether institutional, scale, and quality are not suited to the office, there are many. the last two years the number of vocational education in both enrollment or the number of students have decreased, some professional out of view of some degree of decline, the difficult problem of employment of graduates has become increasingly prominent. The reason is mainly our traditional vocational education or vocational education, there is no transformation to a modern vocational education. educational concepts behind the management system rigid, form closed suited to the concept of demand on behalf of the strike. Therefore, changing the original concept of education of vocational education, educational goals, school system, management system, operation mechanism and the development of education strategies, from traditional vocational education to some changes in the number of modern professional , so that modern concept of vocational education is to improve the quality of workers to accelerate the inevitable trend of modernization.
Second, the concept of modernization is the core of modern vocational education modernization of vocational education, first of all to achieve the educational concept of modernization. There is a view, with the advent of knowledge economy, bringing scientific and technological progress of modern society has brought about profound socio-economic and lifestyle changes, social development has shown the ; knowledge thoughts. We know that requires advanced scientific and technical experts, and the urgent need of millions of well-vocational and technical education, the junior technical staff, managers, technicians and other well-vocational training, urban and rural workers. Without such a labor and technical force, advanced science and technology and advanced equipment, the productivity can not become a reality. While the role of senior professionals is important, but in the material production is always the first line of the majority of the staff, only the vast majority of workers to improve work force quality technology to produce high quality products, providing effective services to provide a solid foundation for the modern. Vocational education is training and technology to improve the labor force of millions of the basic ways, the modern or not, a direct impact on product quality and economic efficiency, which restricts the process of national modernization. As professional education, schools in Jilin, Changchun Vocational Institute of Technology adhere to the Party Conference to top creative talents production, service, management, construction, application of the first line of type, complex type, export-oriented, senior technical personnel, with emphasis on cultivating entrepreneurial talent for the local economic and social development.
vocational education is an adaptation to future needs cause, must adhere to the the actual situation, the future development of vocational education should further promote the three-level triage, focusing on the development of secondary vocational education, actively develop higher vocational education and proper development of various forms of primary vocational education. now and over the long term, middle-level personnel always the majority, they are engaged in the material production of the first line of the main force, only greatly improve their quality, to improve product quality and economic efficiency. to focus on the development of secondary vocational education, in line with China's national conditions. Meanwhile, the economic and social development and science and technology, vocational education and training needed and a large number of practical high-level technical and management personnel, education, development of their own needs through the development of higher vocational education to promote the restructuring of higher education, improve the vocational education system. Therefore, vocational education as a breakthrough, is the opportunity for continued development of vocational education. in the nine-year compulsory education in poor areas have not yet popular and remote areas, you can divert the proper conduct of post-primary, primary development of various forms of vocational education.
III modern man is the ultimate goal of modernization of vocational education in modern society, modern man first. who is the most fundamental factors in the process of modernization. Only people in the mental, thinking, attitudes and behavior have undergone a transformation to modernity , the formation of a modern personality, such a society can be called a truly modern society. vocational education is to foster the development of vocational education, human activity can increase educational opportunities for the community, and this individual, self-development to expand the educated channels, for society, it is the modernity of all citizens to improve the quality of the important psychological means. vocational education to accelerate the modernization of the role of people mainly for personal satisfaction and professional achievement by creating conditions. the healthy development of vocational education can improve the professional capacity of people to make it better suited to the occupation; can enhance the resilience to adapt to the modern career change; can enhance the degree of community to make it agree with the values of modern society coordination. vocational education modernization goals is to improve the quality of workers. So, what is the quality of vocational and technical people? high-quality professional and technical personnel is mainly reflected in its training objectives and educational quality. to the quality of social workers not only refers to a specialized professional quality and should be their professional quality, both including professional knowledge and professional skills, including career awareness, work ethic and ability to work co-operation with the ability to deal with conflicts, which called for the training of labor are both solid basis for vocational skills, but also to adapt to job transfer, the ability of changing of the guard. According to this request, the view on behalf of the vocational education training objective should be to have a strong market awareness, business awareness, modern consciousness, professionalism, and with comprehensive professional abilities and overall quality of the modern and practical talents. Specifically, include such 4 types of people: the professional model of rural households, rich technology leaders; enterprises of all types of high-quality technical workers, managers, marketing personnel , individual business owners, domestic and foreign labor markets technology-based human point of view. vocational education quality of the modern, is to update the concept of education, changes to the educational objectives and training objectives, the change management system and operation mechanism, boldly absorb and draw on advanced foreign vocational education teaching ideas, teaching ideas, teaching mode and teaching methods, the formation system of modern society, economy, science and technology system and education system of vocational education ideology, system, management system, contents, ways and means and so on. change the subject-based teaching model, the implementation of competency-based teaching to community and industrial organizations demand, from the labor market analysis and analyzing professional positions, a reasonable set of professional, developing new curriculum to enhance students comprehensive vocational ability and comprehensive quality education. to market-oriented, market-oriented economic setting professional, to be professionally set up with the local industrial structure and development of leading industries to adapt. to need, not only emphasizes the systematic teaching content must be local and of the times, to reflect the modern educational thought and the characteristics of modern economic thinking.
Fourth, management of modernization is the key to the modernization of vocational education in the modernization of vocational education management embodies vocational education in the school system and the modernization of the operating mechanism. of the modernization of vocational education school system, is that traditional vocational education to give up a single government-run vocational school system, but should be business oriented, the formation of business, government, society and individuals to participate in multi-school system. the implementation of multiple school system is a market economy. First, vocational education and economic ties with its closest, most direct, is a modern enterprise system workforce development system, the core of the highly corporate behavior, the firm is the largest vocational education and the most direct beneficiaries, businesses naturally have to bear the bulk of vocational education; Second, vocational education as an important national component of the educational system, government action is bound to include the Government should bear the responsibility of school; Third, vocational education is not compulsory, it is to improve their quality and individual national occupational status, income for the purpose. it is also a social behavior and individual behavior, demand that the obligation to bear the school, while individuals pay a fee to be . In addition, in order to adapt to all aspects of society, particularly in rural and township enterprises, collective enterprises, the requirements of diverse talents, we should vigorously develop vocational education in private, to expand the scale of vocational education for members of the community to provide more vocational education and training opportunities for laid-off, job transfer to create conditions for re-employment of workers. At present the diversity of interests and the government macro-control to do is not enough, between the main body of the school also lacked the necessary coordination and cooperation, direct education are quite severe, resulting in limited resources for vocational education can not fully play its effectiveness. Therefore, the future of vocational education during the school programs should be:
First, adhere to regional planning, regional coverage of the principles, the implementation of the school layout provinces (prefecture) and county co-ordinate to the main cities;
the second, breaking the boundaries of departments and industries, the implementation of general high, vocational high school, secondary, technical schools, adult secondary level schools in the same overall layout;
third on school size is small, poor, low quality schools to be merged or withdrawn;
fourth, to do pre-, post of both, vocational school education and vocational training combined to play the overall effectiveness of vocational education.
Mechanism of modern vocational education is to give up the end of the traditional, closed operating system, the implementation of lifelong, open and flexible operation mechanism. traditional vocational education is not high level of socialization, training objectives and specifications to the education sector based development, likely to cause a mismatch between supply and demand sides. As the market economy system and economic growth mode transformation, vocational education must take the open road, take the initiative and enterprise and society, in lifelong education under the guidance of the concept of lifelong education, and take the road of lifelong vocational education. In addition, with the market economy and the gradual improvement of vocational education schools in the increasingly important role. In order to really play the autonomy of schools the school community should accomplishing their legal entity, completely changed the departments and enterprises and between schools run by the , mainly through the market allocation of resources; completely broken all kinds of strict boundaries between vocational schools and blockade, to carry out fair and reasonable and legitimate competition.
*** the needs of economic globalization, China's accession to the World Trade Organization
after advanced ideas and the introduction of educational philosophy, the influx of foreign education capital and the introduction of modern educational technology, and rapid economic development of high-quality professional and technical personnel of the strong demand, vocational education will create a favorable environment for the operation and development; Meanwhile, the intensify reform, to calmly deal with the challenges and realize the sustainable development of their own.
a life-long learning and staff training is a bridge for the future development of the increasing globalization of the economy raised new international agenda. The world is toward information-based economic changes, in this economy, the benefits of an enterprise or country provided by his product and service quality of the decision. the new technology-based production systems have higher productivity and flexibility, requiring all the employees to update and improve their skills, and be more entrepreneurial and enterprising spirit. The available evidence clearly shows that the most productive countries have a common characteristic, they are trained and flexible workforce, rich in skills, different mix of skills very well, and continuously improve the life skills of workers. Because of this, the theme of the conference were: lifelong learning and corporate training is a bridge to the future.
technology and Vocational education and training (hereinafter referred to as TVET) with the world of work - (including formal and informal urban and rural areas) the need to acquire knowledge and skills have the most direct contact. each country must adjust its TVET program to adapt to the 21st century workplace skills requirements. We have recognized that countries in which social and economic development due to different stages of the skill requirements may differ significantly.
countries regardless of development status, however, in order to effectively solution to the next century the employment and development issues, have had to re-design their own TVET program. As the recent Asian experience has shown, the economic situation may suddenly changed dramatically, resulting in a large number of unemployed workers, forcing many young people will take the individual operation of the road. it is necessary to make education, training and employment aspects of a more coordinated policy, the need to coordinate in charge of education, labor and social welfare work of the ministries.
Moreover, there is an important international forum stressed that the Now the internationally popular mode of development, because of the environment, education and social welfare have an adverse impact, can not continue indefinitely. sustainable development model must be implemented in future, the future of TVET not only to train people in the information society, employment, and make them become responsible citizens, they must pay attention to environmental protection and the welfare of others. TVET program is not by social, economic, personal and many aspects of the environment.
TVET stage of general education must begin in order to allow children to understand a series of useful life skills and experience. is particularly important that TVET plans must be flexible implementation of various social groups and for all age groups have the opportunity to receive education and training. In other words, we must provide for all life-long learning opportunities for many developing countries, to be excluded from the formal education system disadvantaged youth to provide basic learning opportunities but a difficult task. There is no doubt, TVET can be education of these possible avenues of disadvantaged youth and mobilize them to learn while working in small and medium enterprises.
many developing countries lack the re-design their TVET program of technical and financial resources. Unfortunately, in recent years by the industrialized countries and international funding agencies significantly reduced the development of security funds. We heard the calls for significantly strengthening the TVET multilateral and bilateral development cooperation voice. In today's interdependent world, the industrialized countries to developing countries to provide effective assistance to help them to develop human resources, break the poverty and injustice, unemployment and violence, constitutes a vicious cycle is in line with self-interest of industrialized countries This is no doubt that Pat is an international problem of unemployment has become impossible to limit the problems within the borders. We believe the implementation is designed to train qualified technicians and skilled and semi skilled workers for technical and vocational education and training should be for all national development agenda can not be an integral part. TVET is the bridge to the future, but must be driven by the employment of TVET road, otherwise we are creating new problems. Thus, we need not only revitalized and more coordination of TVET programs, but also a new situation in TVET with employment; we need to link the new model of TVET, to make education, training, employment and social welfare aspects of working in a country, linked in an international context.
Second, future-oriented strategic objectives and implementation plan for strategic objectives:. set the school curriculum in general professional courses, so that the younger generation to obtain generic technological knowledge and important technical vocational preparatory education (prevocational skills) so that TVET for all services, a national education policy an integral part; to achieve technical and vocational education and the interface between other types of education, to emphasize recognition of previous academic and work experience, improve TVET position in the education system;. and non-formal education to promote coordination between formal education, promoting responsible for education, training, labor and social welfare work of coordination between government ministries; promote the active participation of interested parties, especially the private sector participation in order to provide leads to employment TVET (Translator Note: The original intention with TVETE said this, the final E on behalf of the employment [employ-ment]), thereby improving the TVET and employment contacts and cooperation. to ensure that national development agenda of TVET as an integral part of a national education and human resources development strategy in the attention of an integral part of it; in all TVET courses are added to environmental aspects, in order to promote student understanding of the concept of sustainable development; to emphasize entrepreneurial skills to get , creativity, teamwork and communication skills as part of TVET; in the TVET teaching and learning process of the introduction and application of new information and communication technology, while paying attention not to abandon traditional teaching methods. to promote the flexibility to provide lifelong learning and training opportunities. implementation of the plan: the concept of the real times of Vocational Education.
restructuring the national economy will lead the labor force restructuring. current low level of production technology and labor force status of poor quality, the national economy is seriously hampered the development of vocational education reform should be to join the WTO as an opportunity, as soon as the trend of integration into the world to go.
vocational education is the modern education system and the national innovation system is an important part. China's economic development requires not only building knowledge and technology innovation system, also need to build knowledge dissemination and application; not only need to train a large number of high-level knowledge and technology, creative talents, but also requires a large number of vocational education and training of skilled, innovative high-quality workers. Social Development Practice shows that the level of vocational education to a large extent determine the quality level of the labor force, while the labor force but also largely determine the quality level of the national economy overall level of production and services, determine the science and technology into practical productive forces overall competitiveness; labor force structure and to a large extent affect the national economic structure, organization structure and product structure. Professional status and level of education should be attached great importance to all sectors of society.
transformation of government functions to create a new school management system
under conditions of economic globalization, WTO management focus will gradually shift from border measures to domestic legislation and policy, the Government should change its functions and improve macro-control capacity, mainly to do the macro-management of vocational education and control, funding to develop rules and standards, providing services and other work. strengthen macro-control and social service functions, rationalize internal functions, decentralization, to overcome the pipe too much, too dead tube defects; created under conditions of market economy good school environment, school education expanded autonomy for schools to create market-oriented, independent school of flexible space; establish a sound legal system, increase efforts to teach according to law, increase management transparency; government administration to be fair, just and open ; establish a financing system under market economy conditions suitable for multi-channel funding mechanism for capital investment in school education, optimizing the structure of educational resources, to achieve the main school community, and diversification.
school principal market-oriented, diversified, international career education industry, groups and brand
relevant policies and regulations in the countries within the framework of vocational education should respect the rules of market economy the main body and the characteristics of vocational education, according to the manufacturer, trade group or industry positions for qualified personnel specifications, capabilities, quality and other requirements, set the direction of professional training, ability and quality standards, educational content, educational model, teaching methods, to provide quality education, training, service, the maximum extent possible to meet social and economic development needs of human resource development; Yaoba career education as a kind of scattered resources, weak competitiveness of the situation, through structural adjustment and reorganization of resources distribution and revitalize the existing educational assets, creating a number of vocational education quality brand name, scale, group management, the use of scale advantages and characteristics to explore the international market and enhance international competitiveness and ability to adapt to the market complex.
promote lifelong education to establish a flexible learning system
to the new situation after joining the WTO needs of the development of vocational education should establish a large educational philosophy, as quickly as possible with the socialist market economy to the international modern education system, and build life-long education system of vocational education as a lifelong education system, an important part of the formation of vocational education and general education, adult education, higher education and other types of education interrelated mutual communication, flexible and complementary modern education system, the construction of the growth of talent , teaching methods, means simply the situation of student selectivity, and actively carry out institutional innovation, and establishing economic development, social progress and personal development needs of the flexible learning system to meet the learning socialization, lifelong, personalized needs. < br> improve the educational function of education, training, service integration
must explore the function of improving vocational education, innovative education and training model and into vocational education, vocational training, community education services as a whole, to achieve vocational education, training, service integration .
achieve vocational education, training, integration services, not the simple sum of various functions, but rather they combine advantage of resources to meet various economic development, social progress and personal development needs. vocational education need to work closely with internal and external, on the one hand the relevant administrative departments of government and industry to develop social science training programs, training standards and relevant policies and regulations, establishment of employment permit system, coordination between all sectors of society, funding, technology, personnel to support it and create a favorable social open schools for vocational education in the macro environment; on the other hand, vocational education and training institutions should be based on social needs and their own ability to rationally adjust the training program, faculty, facilities and curriculum arrangements and take the initiative to strengthen cooperation with industry, business and social ties, in close connection with the production, operation, management and other social practices, pay attention to the introduction of advanced technology, equipment and content, to achieve the best educational results.
converged network technology to achieve career Education Information
rapid development of computer network technology as the technical and vocational education innovation provides a means of more extensive space, vocational education must be to board the express train of information network technology, vocational education information as soon as possible.
Vocational Education information is the basis for achieving the modernization of vocational education is based on modern information network technology, a new education system. vocational education information is not a computer, network, the simple addition of vocational education, but vocational education, teaching, management, learning modern information network technology with the organic integration, including education to form ideas, educational content, educational organizations, educational models, techniques, education, evaluation of the dynamic system. should be the overall planning, scientific design, network construction and the overall campus network construction basis, to establish e-government, information exchange, resource sharing, distance education as the main function of an information network platform, service in the schools, students and the community, and the world, reform and development of vocational education to provide technical support.
update teaching content standards of international vocational qualification certificate
vocational education reform is the core of teaching content, according to the industrial restructuring of the system of social changes caused by occupational status, occupational status around the capacity of community needs and to fully consider the needs of future career to set the teaching content system.
teaching content should be widely absorb new knowledge, new technologies, new techniques and new methods. to establish vocational schools, training institutions and industry, industry, the close ties between enterprises and the formation of benign interaction, social production, operation, management and service skills of the actual position of the changing needs of professional information and timely feedback to the teaching content. vocational qualification certificate system, we should learn from advanced international experience, joined the WTO, competition for qualified personnel to meet international and foreign Localization of the needs of personnel needs.
*** structure and optimize the structure of higher vocational education
vocational education system is the link between the elements and proportions. Meanwhile, it is the largest education structure of a sub-structure, and the political, economic, technological, cultural, and other systems are closely linked by political, economic, technological, cultural and other factors and constraints. from the macro-level analysis of the structure by the professional structure of higher vocational education , hierarchical structure, formal structure, layout structure, elements of composition.
one interpretation of the structure of higher vocational education
1. structure in our country, on the in the construction of the house, such as civil engineering structures, brick structures. into the 20th century, with the development of science and technology, material structure, showing more diversity and complexity of features, so people gradually realized that the only sure things in the structure The internal relations in order to better understand and transform things, to make better use of it for human development. With this knowledge base is the subject of the structure of matter conceived, and, within a short period of time to With some development, along with in-depth research, expanding the scope of the study, has been extended to social life, economic structure, educational structure and a number of new disciplines in terms of breadth and depth have a breakthrough, the subject system is basically mature.
2. Higher Vocational Education in the structure and characteristics of higher vocational education structure refers to the higher vocational education system, the contact between the various elements and proportions. It is a multi-dimensional, multi-level, diverse integrated structure. structure of vocational education in the educational structure is an important part. It and the political, economic, technological, cultural, and other systems are closely linked, but also by social and other factors and constraints. to vocational education, it is a special type of higher education, therefore, its structure have relatively stable, clear and high levels of openness.
mm stability. to higher education structure itself, its basic elements do not often change the internal development of relative stability. vocational education structure from the macro level that the general structure of the system, structure, form and structure, layout structure and professional structure elements. regardless of changes in the education system, regardless of the speed in which the development of vocational education are inseparable from these basic elements. precisely because of the relative stability of these elements determines the quality of higher vocational education and quantity of specific provisions, the formation a vocational education school special features.
mm hierarchy. vocational education structure and the structure of things, like any other, with a clear hierarchy of features. according to the nature of vocational education division, can be divided into macro-level structure, the concept of hierarchy, the micro-level structure. in accordance with the structure and function of education are divided into surface structure and deep structure.
mm open. As mentioned earlier, higher education, vocational education structure is an important part of the structure, but also with the social and economic development, especially in regional economic development is very closely linked. Therefore, vocational education structure is placed on social and economic development environment in the running, with a high degree of openness features. In other words, an open channel The more smooth, the elements of the structure of vocational education, the more active elements of the more opportunities inside and outside the collision, the dynamic changes in the social and economic system, the more extensive exchanges, the adaptability of higher vocational education, the stronger.
Second, the structural elements of higher vocational education constitutes
1. specialties include higher vocational education diploma education and vocational training after high school two, continuing education and vocational training has been from an educational edge to the core, a higher vocational education important function, but in practice not a single break the pattern of academic education. The State Council made the new century, structural adjustment and industrial upgrading services; for employment and reemployment services; for agriculture, rural areas, farmers and Western Development. According to this request, the higher vocational education clients, from young people about to go in the labor market, extended to service personnel and reorientation personnel; its range of services from a long period of academic education, to more pressing business needs of high school, the intermediate level short-term vocational and technical training development; the face of the entire labor market, not only formal employment, but also including non-formal employment; not only to professional and occupational status groups, but also meet the general occupational status groups; graduates not only to adapt to technology, management-type positions, but also to adapt to high-skilled operating jobs. According to China's economic and social development the basic national conditions and uneven changes in the external environment is not ...