First, the country's modernization is the modernization of vocational education modernization of the motivation is often considered a form of social change, is a special process of social change is the change the social objectives, institutional, organizational, guidelines, and the reform of human beliefs, attitudes and values. This transformation process involves many aspects of social and human life, multi-layered and profound changes. from the breadth in terms of modernization can be seen as economic the field of industrialization, urbanization, social sphere and political democratization in the field of interactive process; from the content in terms of modernization in the economic, political and cultural aspects, which in different social system, in different countries have different forms; from the depth of speaking, the process of modernization involves the physical layer, system layer and layer of the three levels of thought and action.
the modernization of our country is to, under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the country into a prosperous, democratic and civilized socialist country. In essence, inclusion of both modern and straining the contents of the objects of modernization and modernization of people, the two complement each other. People are social activities, the subject matter is the man out, but also through the people to be use, so modern man is more important than the modern material. vocational education to be modernized, it is necessary for China's socialist modernization, the economic development train large numbers of qualified, high-quality technical expertise and labor force; Professional education to modernization, we must carry out their own reforms, reform of the education system, changing personnel training mode, improve the education system.
After nearly 20 years of efforts, China's vocational education has made great progress. However, view state vocational education still not meet the requirements of modernization, whether institutional, scale, and quality are not suited to the office, there are many. the last two years the number of vocational education in both enrollment or the number of students have decreased, some professional out of view of some degree of decline, the difficult problem of employment of graduates has become increasingly prominent. The reason is mainly our traditional vocational education or vocational education, there is no transformation to a modern vocational education. educational concepts behind the management system rigid, form closed suited to the concept of demand on behalf of the strike. Therefore, changing the original concept of education of vocational education, educational goals, school system, management system, operation mechanism and the development of education strategies, from traditional vocational education to some changes in the number of modern professional , so that modern concept of vocational education is to improve the quality of workers to accelerate the inevitable trend of modernization.
Second, the concept of modernization is the core of modern vocational education modernization of vocational education, first of all to achieve the educational concept of modernization. There is a view, with the advent of knowledge economy, bringing scientific and technological progress of modern society has brought about profound socio-economic and lifestyle changes, social development has shown the ; knowledge thoughts. We know that requires advanced scientific and technical experts, and the urgent need of millions of well-vocational and technical education, the junior technical staff, managers, technicians and other well-vocational training, urban and rural workers. Without such a labor and technical force, advanced science and technology and advanced equipment, the productivity can not become a reality. While the role of senior professionals is important, but in the material production is always the first line of the majority of the staff, only the vast majority of workers to improve work force quality technology to produce high quality products, providing effective services to provide a solid foundation for the modern. Vocational education is training and technology to improve the labor force of millions of the basic ways, the modern or not, a direct impact on product quality and economic efficiency, which restricts the process of national modernization. As professional education, schools in Jilin, Changchun Vocational Institute of Technology adhere to the Party Conference to top creative talents production, service, management, construction, application of the first line of type, complex type, export-oriented, senior technical personnel, with emphasis on cultivating entrepreneurial talent for the local economic and social development.
vocational education is an adaptation to future needs cause, must adhere to the the actual situation, the future development of vocational education should further promote the three-level triage, focusing on the development of secondary vocational education, actively develop higher vocational education and proper development of various forms of primary vocational education. now and over the long term, middle-level personnel always the majority, they are engaged in the material production of the first line of the main force, only greatly improve their quality, to improve product quality and economic efficiency. to focus on the development of secondary vocational education, in line with China's national conditions. Meanwhile, the economic and social development and science and technology, vocational education and training needed and a large number of practical high-level technical and management personnel, education, development of their own needs through the development of higher vocational education to promote the restructuring of higher education, improve the vocational education system. Therefore, vocational education as a breakthrough, is the opportunity for continued development of vocational education. in the nine-year compulsory education in poor areas have not yet popular and remote areas, you can divert the proper conduct of post-primary, primary development of various forms of vocational education.
III modern man is the ultimate goal of modernization of vocational education in modern society, modern man first. who is the most fundamental factors in the process of modernization. Only people in the mental, thinking, attitudes and behavior have undergone a transformation to modernity , the formation of a modern personality, such a society can be called a truly modern society. vocational education is to foster the development of vocational education, human activity can increase educational opportunities for the community, and this individual, self-development to expand the educated channels, for society, it is the modernity of all citizens to improve the quality of the important psychological means. vocational education to accelerate the modernization of the role of people mainly for personal satisfaction and professional achievement by creating conditions. the healthy development of vocational education can improve the professional capacity of people to make it better suited to the occupation; can enhance the resilience to adapt to the modern career change; can enhance the degree of community to make it agree with the values of modern society coordination. vocational education modernization goals is to improve the quality of workers. So, what is the quality of vocational and technical people? high-quality professional and technical personnel is mainly reflected in its training objectives and educational quality. to the quality of social workers not only refers to a specialized professional quality and should be their professional quality, both including professional knowledge and professional skills, including career awareness, work ethic and ability to work co-operation with the ability to deal with conflicts, which called for the training of labor are both solid basis for vocational skills, but also to adapt to job transfer, the ability of changing of the guard. According to this request, the view on behalf of the vocational education training objective should be to have a strong market awareness, business awareness, modern consciousness, professionalism, and with comprehensive professional abilities and overall quality of the modern and practical talents. Specifically, include such 4 types of people: the professional model of rural households, rich technology leaders; enterprises of all types of high-quality technical workers, managers, marketing personnel , individual business owners, domestic and foreign labor markets technology-based human point of view. vocational education quality of the modern, is to update the concept of education, changes to the educational objectives and training objectives, the change management system and operation mechanism, boldly absorb and draw on advanced foreign vocational education teaching ideas, teaching ideas, teaching mode and teaching methods, the formation system of modern society, economy, science and technology system and education system of vocational education ideology, system, management system, contents, ways and means and so on. change the subject-based teaching model, the implementation of competency-based teaching to community and industrial organizations demand, from the labor market analysis and analyzing professional positions, a reasonable set of professional, developing new curriculum to enhance students comprehensive vocational ability and comprehensive quality education. to market-oriented, market-oriented economic setting professional, to be professionally set up with the local industrial structure and development of leading industries to adapt. to need, not only emphasizes the systematic teaching content must be local and of the times, to reflect the modern educational thought and the characteristics of modern economic thinking.
Fourth, management of modernization is the key to the modernization of vocational education in the modernization of vocational education management embodies vocational education in the school system and the modernization of the operating mechanism. of the modernization of vocational education school system, is that traditional vocational education to give up a single government-run vocational school system, but should be business oriented, the formation of business, government, society and individuals to participate in multi-school system. the implementation of multiple school system is a market economy. First, vocational education and economic ties with its closest, most direct, is a modern enterprise system workforce development system, the core of the highly corporate behavior, the firm is the largest vocational education and the most direct beneficiaries, businesses naturally have to bear the bulk of vocational education; Second, vocational education as an important national component of the educational system, government action is bound to include the Government should bear the responsibility of school; Third, vocational education is not compulsory, it is to improve their quality and individual national occupational status, income for the purpose. it is also a social behavior and individual behavior, demand that the obligation to bear the school, while individuals pay a fee to be . In addition, in order to adapt to all aspects of society, particularly in rural and township enterprises, collective enterprises, the requirements of diverse talents, we should vigorously develop vocational education in private, to expand the scale of vocational education for members of the community to provide more vocational education and training opportunities for laid-off, job transfer to create conditions for re-employment of workers. At present the diversity of interests and the government macro-control to do is not enough, between the main body of the school also lacked the necessary coordination and cooperation, direct education are quite severe, resulting in limited resources for vocational education can not fully play its effectiveness. Therefore, the future of vocational education during the school programs should be:
First, adhere to regional planning, regional coverage of the principles, the implementation of the school layout provinces (prefecture) and county co-ordinate to the main cities;
the second, breaking the boundaries of departments and industries, the implementation of general high, vocational high school, secondary, technical schools, adult secondary level schools in the same overall layout;
third on school size is small, poor, low quality schools to be merged or withdrawn;
fourth, to do pre-, post of both, vocational school education and vocational training combined to play the overall effectiveness of vocational education.
Mechanism of modern vocational education is to give up the end of the traditional, closed operating system, the implementation of lifelong, open and flexible operation mechanism. traditional vocational education is not high level of socialization, training objectives and specifications to the education sector based development, likely to cause a mismatch between supply and demand sides. As the market economy system and economic growth mode transformation, vocational education must take the open road, take the initiative and enterprise and society, in lifelong education under the guidance of the concept of lifelong education, and take the road of lifelong vocational education. In addition, with the market economy and the gradual improvement of vocational education schools in the increasingly important role. In order to really play the autonomy of schools the school community should accomplishing their legal entity, completely changed the departments and enterprises and between schools run by the , mainly through the market allocation of resources; completely broken all kinds of strict boundaries between vocational schools and blockade, to carry out fair and reasonable and legitimate competition.
*** the needs of economic globalization, China's accession to the World Trade Organization
after advanced ideas and the introduction of educational philosophy, the influx of foreign education capital and the introduction of modern educational technology, and rapid economic development of high-quality professional and technical personnel of the strong demand, vocational education will create a favorable environment for the operation and development; Meanwhile, the intensify reform, to calmly deal with the challenges and realize the sustainable development of their own.
a life-long learning and staff training is a bridge for the future development of the increasing globalization of the economy raised new international agenda. The world is toward information-based economic changes, in this economy, the benefits of an enterprise or country provided by his product and service quality of the decision. the new technology-based production systems have higher productivity and flexibility, requiring all the employees to update and improve their skills, and be more entrepreneurial and enterprising spirit. The available evidence clearly shows that the most productive countries have a common characteristic, they are trained and flexible workforce, rich in skills, different mix of skills very well, and continuously improve the life skills of workers. Because of this, the theme of the conference were: lifelong learning and corporate training is a bridge to the future.
technology and Vocational education and training (hereinafter referred to as TVET) with the world of work - (including formal and informal urban and rural areas) the need to acquire knowledge and skills have the most direct contact. each country must adjust its TVET program to adapt to the 21st century workplace skills requirements. We have recognized that countries in which social and economic development due to different stages of the skill requirements may differ significantly.
countries regardless of development status, however, in order to effectively solution to the next century the employment and development issues, have had to re-design their own TVET program. As the recent Asian experience has shown, the economic situation may suddenly changed dramatically, resulting in a large number of unemployed workers, forcing many young people will take the individual operation of the road. it is necessary to make education, training and employment aspects of a more coordinated policy, the need to coordinate in charge of education, labor and social welfare work of the ministries.
Moreover, there is an important international forum stressed that the Now the internationally popular mode of development, because of the environment, education and social welfare have an adverse impact, can not continue indefinitely. sustainable development model must be implemented in future, the future of TVET not only to train people in the information society, employment, and make them become responsible citizens, they must pay attention to environmental protection and the welfare of others. TVET program is not by social, economic, personal and many aspects of the environment.
TVET stage of general education must begin in order to allow children to understand a series of useful life skills and experience. is particularly important that TVET plans must be flexible implementation of various social groups and for all age groups have the opportunity to receive education and training. In other words, we must provide for all life-long learning opportunities for many developing countries, to be excluded from the formal education system disadvantaged youth to provide basic learning opportunities but a difficult task. There is no doubt, TVET can be education of these possible avenues of disadvantaged youth and mobilize them to learn while working in small and medium enterprises.
many developing countries lack the re-design their TVET program of technical and financial resources. Unfortunately, in recent years by the industrialized countries and international funding agencies significantly reduced the development of security funds. We heard the calls for significantly strengthening the TVET multilateral and bilateral development cooperation voice. In today's interdependent world, the industrialized countries to developing countries to provide effective assistance to help them to develop human resources, break the poverty and injustice, unemployment and violence, constitutes a vicious cycle is in line with self-interest of industrialized countries This is no doubt that Pat is an international problem of unemployment has become impossible to limit the problems within the borders. We believe the implementation is designed to train qualified technicians and skilled and semi skilled workers for technical and vocational education and training should be for all national development agenda can not be an integral part. TVET is the bridge to the future, but must be driven by the employment of TVET road, otherwise we are creating new problems. Thus, we need not only revitalized and more coordination of TVET programs, but also a new situation in TVET with employment; we need to link the new model of TVET, to make education, training, employment and social welfare aspects of working in a country, linked in an international context.
Second, future-oriented strategic objectives and implementation plan for strategic objectives:. set the school curriculum in general professional courses, so that the younger generation to obtain generic technological knowledge and important technical vocational preparatory education (prevocational skills) so that TVET for all services, a national education policy an integral part; to achieve technical and vocational education and the interface between other types of education, to emphasize recognition of previous academic and work experience, improve TVET position in the education system;. and non-formal education to promote coordination between formal education, promoting responsible for education, training, labor and social welfare work of coordination between government ministries; promote the active participation of interested parties, especially the private sector participation in order to provide leads to employment TVET (Translator Note: The original intention with TVETE said this, the final E on behalf of the employment [employ-ment]), thereby improving the TVET and employment contacts and cooperation. to ensure that national development agenda of TVET as an integral part of a national education and human resources development strategy in the attention of an integral part of it; in all TVET courses are added to environmental aspects, in order to promote student understanding of the concept of sustainable development; to emphasize entrepreneurial skills to get , creativity, teamwork and communication skills as part of TVET; in the TVET teaching and learning process of the introduction and application of new information and communication technology, while paying attention not to abandon traditional teaching methods. to promote the flexibility to provide lifelong learning and training opportunities. implementation of the plan: the concept of the real times of Vocational Education.
restructuring the national economy will lead the labor force restructuring. current low level of production technology and labor force status of poor quality, the national economy is seriously hampered the development of vocational education reform should be to join the WTO as an opportunity, as soon as the trend of integration into the world to go.
vocational education is the modern education system and the national innovation system is an important part. China's economic development requires not only building knowledge and technology innovation system, also need to build knowledge dissemination and application; not only need to train a large number of high-level knowledge and technology, creative talents, but also requires a large number of vocational education and training of skilled, innovative high-quality workers. Social Development Practice shows that the level of vocational education to a large extent determine the quality level of the labor force, while the labor force but also largely determine the quality level of the national economy overall level of production and services, determine the science and technology into practical productive forces overall competitiveness; labor force structure and to a large extent affect the national economic structure, organization structure and product structure. Professional status and level of education should be attached great importance to all sectors of society.
transformation of government functions to create a new school management system
under conditions of economic globalization, WTO management focus will gradually shift from border measures to domestic legislation and policy, the Government should change its functions and improve macro-control capacity, mainly to do the macro-management of vocational education and control, funding to develop rules and standards, providing services and other work. strengthen macro-control and social service functions, rationalize internal functions, decentralization, to overcome the pipe too much, too dead tube defects; created under conditions of market economy good school environment, school education expanded autonomy for schools to create market-oriented, independent school of flexible space; establish a sound legal system, increase efforts to teach according to law, increase management transparency; government administration to be fair, just and open ; establish a financing system under market economy conditions suitable for multi-channel funding mechanism for capital investment in school education, optimizing the structure of educational resources, to achieve the main school community, and diversification.
school principal market-oriented, diversified, international career education industry, groups and brand
relevant policies and regulations in the countries within the framework of vocational education should respect the rules of market economy the main body and the characteristics of vocational education, according to the manufacturer, trade group or industry positions for qualified personnel specifications, capabilities, quality and other requirements, set the direction of professional training, ability and quality standards, educational content, educational model, teaching methods, to provide quality education, training, service, the maximum extent possible to meet social and economic development needs of human resource development; Yaoba career education as a kind of scattered resources, weak competitiveness of the situation, through structural adjustment and reorganization of resources distribution and revitalize the existing educational assets, creating a number of vocational education quality brand name, scale, group management, the use of scale advantages and characteristics to explore the international market and enhance international competitiveness and ability to adapt to the market complex.
promote lifelong education to establish a flexible learning system
to the new situation after joining the WTO needs of the development of vocational education should establish a large educational philosophy, as quickly as possible with the socialist market economy to the international modern education system, and build life-long education system of vocational education as a lifelong education system, an important part of the formation of vocational education and general education, adult education, higher education and other types of education interrelated mutual communication, flexible and complementary modern education system, the construction of the growth of talent , teaching methods, means simply the situation of student selectivity, and actively carry out institutional innovation, and establishing economic development, social progress and personal development needs of the flexible learning system to meet the learning socialization, lifelong, personalized needs. < br> improve the educational function of education, training, service integration
must explore the function of improving vocational education, innovative education and training model and into vocational education, vocational training, community education services as a whole, to achieve vocational education, training, service integration .
achieve vocational education, training, integration services, not the simple sum of various functions, but rather they combine advantage of resources to meet various economic development, social progress and personal development needs. vocational education need to work closely with internal and external, on the one hand the relevant administrative departments of government and industry to develop social science training programs, training standards and relevant policies and regulations, establishment of employment permit system, coordination between all sectors of society, funding, technology, personnel to support it and create a favorable social open schools for vocational education in the macro environment; on the other hand, vocational education and training institutions should be based on social needs and their own ability to rationally adjust the training program, faculty, facilities and curriculum arrangements and take the initiative to strengthen cooperation with industry, business and social ties, in close connection with the production, operation, management and other social practices, pay attention to the introduction of advanced technology, equipment and content, to achieve the best educational results.
converged network technology to achieve career Education Information
rapid development of computer network technology as the technical and vocational education innovation provides a means of more extensive space, vocational education must be to board the express train of information network technology, vocational education information as soon as possible.
Vocational Education information is the basis for achieving the modernization of vocational education is based on modern information network technology, a new education system. vocational education information is not a computer, network, the simple addition of vocational education, but vocational education, teaching, management, learning modern information network technology with the organic integration, including education to form ideas, educational content, educational organizations, educational models, techniques, education, evaluation of the dynamic system. should be the overall planning, scientific design, network construction and the overall campus network construction basis, to establish e-government, information exchange, resource sharing, distance education as the main function of an information network platform, service in the schools, students and the community, and the world, reform and development of vocational education to provide technical support.
update teaching content standards of international vocational qualification certificate
vocational education reform is the core of teaching content, according to the industrial restructuring of the system of social changes caused by occupational status, occupational status around the capacity of community needs and to fully consider the needs of future career to set the teaching content system.
teaching content should be widely absorb new knowledge, new technologies, new techniques and new methods. to establish vocational schools, training institutions and industry, industry, the close ties between enterprises and the formation of benign interaction, social production, operation, management and service skills of the actual position of the changing needs of professional information and timely feedback to the teaching content. vocational qualification certificate system, we should learn from advanced international experience, joined the WTO, competition for qualified personnel to meet international and foreign Localization of the needs of personnel needs.
*** structure and optimize the structure of higher vocational education
vocational education system is the link between the elements and proportions. Meanwhile, it is the largest education structure of a sub-structure, and the political, economic, technological, cultural, and other systems are closely linked by political, economic, technological, cultural and other factors and constraints. from the macro-level analysis of the structure by the professional structure of higher vocational education , hierarchical structure, formal structure, layout structure, elements of composition.
one interpretation of the structure of higher vocational education
1. structure in our country, on the in the construction of the house, such as civil engineering structures, brick structures. into the 20th century, with the development of science and technology, material structure, showing more diversity and complexity of features, so people gradually realized that the only sure things in the structure The internal relations in order to better understand and transform things, to make better use of it for human development. With this knowledge base is the subject of the structure of matter conceived, and, within a short period of time to With some development, along with in-depth research, expanding the scope of the study, has been extended to social life, economic structure, educational structure and a number of new disciplines in terms of breadth and depth have a breakthrough, the subject system is basically mature.
2. Higher Vocational Education in the structure and characteristics of higher vocational education structure refers to the higher vocational education system, the contact between the various elements and proportions. It is a multi-dimensional, multi-level, diverse integrated structure. structure of vocational education in the educational structure is an important part. It and the political, economic, technological, cultural, and other systems are closely linked, but also by social and other factors and constraints. to vocational education, it is a special type of higher education, therefore, its structure have relatively stable, clear and high levels of openness.
mm stability. to higher education structure itself, its basic elements do not often change the internal development of relative stability. vocational education structure from the macro level that the general structure of the system, structure, form and structure, layout structure and professional structure elements. regardless of changes in the education system, regardless of the speed in which the development of vocational education are inseparable from these basic elements. precisely because of the relative stability of these elements determines the quality of higher vocational education and quantity of specific provisions, the formation a vocational education school special features.
mm hierarchy. vocational education structure and the structure of things, like any other, with a clear hierarchy of features. according to the nature of vocational education division, can be divided into macro-level structure, the concept of hierarchy, the micro-level structure. in accordance with the structure and function of education are divided into surface structure and deep structure.
mm open. As mentioned earlier, higher education, vocational education structure is an important part of the structure, but also with the social and economic development, especially in regional economic development is very closely linked. Therefore, vocational education structure is placed on social and economic development environment in the running, with a high degree of openness features. In other words, an open channel The more smooth, the elements of the structure of vocational education, the more active elements of the more opportunities inside and outside the collision, the dynamic changes in the social and economic system, the more extensive exchanges, the adaptability of higher vocational education, the stronger.
Second, the structural elements of higher vocational education constitutes
1. specialties include higher vocational education diploma education and vocational training after high school two, continuing education and vocational training has been from an educational edge to the core, a higher vocational education important function, but in practice not a single break the pattern of academic education. The State Council made the new century, structural adjustment and industrial upgrading services; for employment and reemployment services; for agriculture, rural areas, farmers and Western Development. According to this request, the higher vocational education clients, from young people about to go in the labor market, extended to service personnel and reorientation personnel; its range of services from a long period of academic education, to more pressing business needs of high school, the intermediate level short-term vocational and technical training development; the face of the entire labor market, not only formal employment, but also including non-formal employment; not only to professional and occupational status groups, but also meet the general occupational status groups; graduates not only to adapt to technology, management-type positions, but also to adapt to high-skilled operating jobs. According to China's economic and social development the basic national conditions and uneven changes in the external environment is not ...
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